5.6 to 5.12 APES

🌱 5.6: Pest-Control Methods

1⃣ Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

📖 Definition: A way to control pests using multiple methods like natural predators, traps, crop rotation, and fewer pesticides.

2⃣ Pesticide Treadmill

📖 Definition: When farmers use more and stronger pesticides because pests keep getting resistant to them.

3⃣ Bioaccumulation

📖 Definition: When pesticides or toxins build up in an animal’s body over time.

4⃣ Biomagnification

📖 Definition: When toxins increase as they move up the food chain (small fish 🐟 → bigger fish 🦈 → humans 🍽).

5⃣ Organic Pesticides

📖 Definition: Natural pesticides made from plants 🌿 (like tobacco or chrysanthemums).

6⃣ Inorganic Pesticides

📖 Definition: Man-made pesticides that contain toxic metals (like arsenic or mercury) and stay in the environment for a long time.

7⃣ Organophosphates

📖 Definition: A type of pesticide that is very toxic but breaks down quickly in the environment.

8⃣ Crop Rotation

📖 Definition: Farmers change what crops they grow each season to confuse pests and keep the soil healthy.

9⃣ Natural Predators

📖 Definition: Using good bugs like ladybugs 🐞 to eat the bad bugs that harm crops.

🔟 Pheromones

📖 Definition: Special scents or chemicals that mess with pests' ability to find food or mates.

🐮 5.7: Meat Production Methods

1⃣ CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation)

📖 Definition: A large factory farm where animals are kept in crowded spaces and fed quickly for meat production.

2⃣ Methane (CH₄)

📖 Definition: A gas from cow poop 💩 that traps heat in the air and contributes to climate change.

3⃣ Manure Runoff

📖 Definition: When animal waste from farms washes into rivers and lakes, polluting water.

4⃣ Antibiotic Resistance

📖 Definition: When bacteria become stronger and harder to kill because of too much antibiotic use in farm animals.

5⃣ Free-Range Farming

📖 Definition: Raising animals outdoors instead of in crowded CAFOs, making them healthier and less stressed.

6⃣ Sustainable Meat Production

📖 Definition: A way to raise animals without harming the environment (less waste, better animal care, fewer chemicals).

7⃣ Plant-Based Proteins

📖 Definition: Foods like beans, tofu, and lentils that replace meat and have a smaller environmental impact.

8⃣ Grazing

📖 Definition: Letting animals roam and eat grass naturally instead of feeding them processed food.

9⃣ Polyculture Farming

📖 Definition: Raising multiple animals or crops together to mimic nature and keep farms healthier.

🔟 Carbon Footprint of Meat

📖 Definition: The amount of pollution created from raising and processing meat (higher for beef, lower for chicken).

🎣 5.8: Overfishing

1⃣ Overfishing

📖 Definition: Catching too many fish too fast, making it hard for fish populations to recover.

2⃣ Bycatch

📖 Definition: When fishing nets accidentally catch unwanted animals like dolphins 🐬, turtles 🐢, or sharks 🦈.

3⃣ Aquaculture (Fish Farming)

📖 Definition: Raising fish in tanks or ocean enclosures instead of catching them in the wild.

4⃣ Marine Sanctuary

📖 Definition: A protected ocean area where fishing is restricted or banned to help fish populations grow.

5⃣ Bottom Trawling

📖 Definition: Dragging a huge net along the ocean floor, which destroys habitats and coral reefs.

6⃣ Sustainable Fishing

📖 Definition: Catching fish in a way that doesn’t harm the ocean or deplete fish populations.

7⃣ Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)

📖 Definition: The most fish that can be caught without harming future fish populations.

8⃣ Selective Fishing Gear

📖 Definition: Special nets and traps designed to reduce bycatch and only catch certain fish.

9⃣ Fishing Quotas

📖 Definition: Government limits on how many fish can be caught each season to prevent overfishing.

🔟 Illegal Fishing

📖 Definition: Fishing in protected areas or using banned methods that harm the ocean.

⛏ 5.9: Mining

1⃣ Mining

📖 Definition: Digging into the earth to remove valuable minerals like gold, coal, and copper.

2⃣ Mountaintop Removal

📖 Definition: Blasting off the top of a mountain to reach coal underneath.

3⃣ Acid Mine Drainage

📖 Definition: When rainwater mixes with mining waste and creates toxic, acidic water that pollutes rivers.

4⃣ Open-Pit Mining

📖 Definition: Digging a huge hole in the ground to remove minerals.

5⃣ Strip Mining

📖 Definition: Removing large strips of soil to reach coal or minerals.

🏙 5.10: Urbanization

1⃣ Urbanization

📖 Definition: When more people move to cities, making them grow bigger.

2⃣ Urban Sprawl

📖 Definition: Cities spread out too far, making people more dependent on cars.

3⃣ Smart Growth

📖 Definition: City planning that makes places walkable, green, and efficient.

🌍 5.11: Ecological Footprints

1⃣ Ecological Footprint

📖 Definition: The amount of land and resources a person needs to live.

2⃣ Carbon Footprint

📖 Definition: How much pollution and CO₂ a person or country produces.

♻ 5.12: Sustainability

1⃣ Sustainability

📖 Definition: Using resources wisely so they last for future generations.

2⃣ Renewable Resources

📖 Definition: Resources that can be replaced, like sun, wind, and water.

3⃣ IPAT Formula

📖 Definition: A formula that calculates how humans impact the environment.