Hi

Pork barrel: Government spending for localized projects secured primarily to bring money to a representative's district.

Logrolling: Practice of exchanging political favors, especially in legislative contexts, where lawmakers agree to vote for each other's proposed legislation.

Partisanship: Strong commitment to a political party, which can influence decision-making and policy agendas.

Gerrymandering: Manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another.

Redistricting: The process of redrawing district boundaries, often occurring after a census to reflect population changes.

Reapportionment: The process of redistributing seats in the House of Representatives based on population changes determined by the census.

Baker v. Carr: Landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that federal courts could intervene in state redistricting cases, establishing the principle of 'one person, one vote.'

One person, one vote: Constitutional principle that ensures equal voting power among citizens, stating that each vote holds the same weight.

Shaw v. Reno: Supreme Court case that ruled against racial gerrymandering and emphasized that race cannot be the predominant factor in districting.

Divided government: A situation in which the presidency is held by one party and one or both houses of Congress are held by another.

Lame duck: An elected official or group continuing to hold office during the period between the election and the inauguration of a successor.

Trustee representative: A model of representation where an elected official makes decisions based on their own judgment rather than the specific preferences of their constituents.

Delegate representative: A model of representation where an elected official acts directly in accordance with the wishes of their constituents.

Politico representative: A model that combines elements of both the trustee and delegate models, where representatives act as delegates on issues that constituents care about and as trustees on other issues.

Policy agenda: A set of issues that policymakers consider important and prioritize for discussion and action.

Veto: The power of one branch of government to reject legislation proposed by another branch.

Pocket veto: A special type of veto occurring when the president does not sign a bill into law within ten days while Congress is adjourned, effectively preventing the bill from becoming law.

Line item veto: The power of an executive to nullify or cancel specific provisions of a bill without rejecting the entire legislative package.

Commander in chief: The role of the president as the head of the armed forces.

Executive agreement: An international agreement made by the president without ratification from the Senate, typically dealing with routine matters.

Treaty: A formal agreement between countries that requires ratification by the Senate.