AICE History EOC study guide 1

Practice EOC study guide:

1. Why would Abolitionism be a threat to the Southern’s economy? (90)

Abolitionism threatened the Southern economy because the South relied heavily on slave labor to support its agricultural economy, particularly after the invention of the cotton gin which increased cotton production. Ending slavery would remove their main source of cheap labor, severely damaging their economic system.

2. Define Black Codes (121)

Black Codes were laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the freedom of formerly enslaved people. They limited African Americans’ civil rights, forced them into labor contracts, and kept them in low-paying, unskilled jobs. The goal was to maintain a social and economic structure as close to slavery as possible.

3. What did the Radical Republicans stand for?(122)

Radical Republicans believed in equal rights for all, especially African Americans. They opposed President Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies and supported laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African Americans’ rights. They aimed to rebuild the nation on a foundation of racial equality.

4. What was effects of tenant farming during Reconstruction?(159)

Tenant farming kept many African Americans in poverty. Although they were technically free, they were often forced into farming arrangements where they rented land and paid with a portion of their crops. This system made it hard for them to gain economic independence and allowed white landowners to continue controlling the Black workforce.

5. What were the effects of Jim Crow Legislation? (128-129)

Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation and denied African Americans equal access to public spaces, education, and political rights. These laws legalized discrimination, allowed White citizens to maintain dominance, and led to widespread inequality. African Americans faced humiliation, violence, and were denied true citizenship rights.

6. How did Women’s lives change during the Civil War? (115-116)

During the Civil War, many women took on new responsibilities. They managed farms and businesses, worked as nurses, and supported the war effort in various ways. These experiences gave women a stronger sense of independence and capability, challenging traditional gender roles and laying groundwork for future movements toward gender equality.

7. What was the Northern opinion of the Supreme court decision from 1857. (101)

The North was outraged by the Dred Scott decision. Northerners were stunned because the ruling invalidated the idea of “free soil” and opened all territories to slavery. A New York newspaper called it “the moral assassination of a race and cannot be obeyed.”

8. What main group did the populist party support?(141)

The Populist Party mainly supported farmers and industrial workers, or the “plain people.” Their platform called for reforms that would benefit working-class Americans, such as government ownership of railroads and the coinage of silver.

9. How did Thomas Edison impact the Second Industrial Revolution? (142-144)

Thomas Edison played a major role in the Second Industrial Revolution by inventing the practical lightbulb and developing a complete electric lighting system. His innovations helped usher in a new age of technology and industrial growth, changing American life with electric lighting and communication.

10. Describe tenement houses? (159)

Tenement houses were crowded, unsanitary apartment buildings where many industrial workers and immigrants lived. These homes were in poor condition, often filled with filth and disease, and lacked basic comforts and ventilation.

11. What was the goal of the Roosevelt Corollary?(237)

The Roosevelt Corollary aimed to justify U.S. intervention in Latin America. It stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere.

12. What was the Moral Diplomacy? (237)

Moral Diplomacy was President Woodrow Wilson’s approach to foreign policy, promoting democratic ideals abroad. It focused on supporting countries with democratic governments and opposing oppressive regimes.

13. What impact did the Lusitania have public opinion during WWI? (250,251,252)

The sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915 angered Americans and shifted public opinion against Germany. It increased support for U.S. involvement in World War I due to the loss of American lives.

14. How did advances in technology lead to changes in the ways wars were fought during WWI ? (262-263)

Advances in technology transformed WWI into a brutal and mechanized conflict.

• Machine guns and barbed wire made it nearly impossible to cross no-man’s land, leading to a deadly stalemate.

• Chemical weapons like mustard gas caused devastating injuries and long-term suffering.

• Tanks broke through trenches and barbed wire, helping to end the stalemate.

• Aircraft evolved from scouting to bombing and aerial combat with machine guns.

• Submarines (U-boats) made naval warfare stealthier and deadlier, sinking ships undetected.

• These technological shifts made the war more destructive and changed military strategy forever.

15. Why did Wilson argue against the war-guilt clause in the Treaty of Versailles? (277)

Wilson opposed the war-guilt clause because he believed blaming Germany entirely for the war was unfair and would cause resentment.

• He feared that harsh punishment and humiliation would lead to future conflict rather than lasting peace.

• Wilson wanted a peace based on justice and reconciliation, not revenge, which aligned with his vision of a peaceful post-war world.

16. Why did America opposed joining the League of Nations that President Wilson support? (278-282)

Despite Wilson’s strong support for the League of Nations, many Americans and senators opposed it because:

• They feared it would drag the U.S. into future wars without Congressional approval.

• Americans wanted to return to isolationism and avoid European entanglements.

• Wilson alienated Republicans by not including them in the peace delegation, so they refused to support the League.

• Without U.S. membership, the League lacked the power Wilson had envisioned.

17. How did changes in the economy affect people in the 1920s?

Machines increased productivity, led to U.S. becoming a global producer and created more jobs

18. What was the Goal of the Kellog-Briand Pact? (302)

The Kellogg-Briand Pact aimed to outlaw war as a means of solving disputes between countries.

• It was a symbolic agreement signed by many nations promising to settle conflicts peacefully.

• While it lacked enforcement power, it reflected a global desire to prevent future wars after the horrors of WWI.

19. Define Isolationism and neutrality acts (302-303) (385)

Isolationism was the U.S. policy after WWI to avoid involvement in foreign conflicts, especially in Europe. Presidents like Harding and Hoover supported staying out of alliances and wars.

The Neutrality Acts (1935–1937) were laws that banned arms sales and limited trade with countries at war to keep the U.S. out of foreign conflicts.