Cell Worksheet

1. Examples of chemotherapeutic drugs and their cellular reactions are given below. Explain why each drug could be fatal to a cell.

• Vincristine : damages the mitotic spindle

  • prevents cells form multiplying

• Doxorubicin: binds to DNA and blocks messenger RNA synthesis

  • prevents trascription - protien sysnthis- cell cant make enzyme

• c. Gemcitabine: binds to DNA and blocks DNA polymerase action

  • prevents base pair - no more duplication

• Amoxicillin: inhibits cell wall synthesis on bacterial cells

• will explode cell - gets rid of cell protection

2.Hydrocortozone is an anti-inflammatory drug that stabilizes lysosomal membranes. How does this reduce cell damage and inflammation?
Hydrocortisone reduces cell damage and inflammation by stabilizing lysosomal membranes. This stabilization prevents the lysosomes from releasing their enzymes and other substances into the cytoplasm, which can damage the cell. By maintaining the integrity of lysosomal membranes, hydrocortisone helps ensure that waste breakdown occurs without harming the cell, thus minimizing inflammation and cellular injury.

• prevents waste breakdown in cell - kills cell because they cannot distinquish

3.Which cells would have more SER: pancreatic cells that manufacture the protein hormone insulin or adrenal cortex cells that synthesize the steroid hormone cortisol?
Adrenal cortex cells would have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) because the smooth ER synthesizes lipids, such as steroid hormones like cortisol. In contrast, pancreatic cells that manufacture protein hormones like insulin have more rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) due to the need for protein synthesis.

• Cortizol beccaus the smooth ER sythasizes lipids not protiens

4. Liver cells are responsible for removing excess fats from our blood (by storing them or
converting them into something else) and detoxifying drugs/chemicals that we have ingested.
What organelles do you think you would find in a liver cell?

• Perixosomes, lysosomes, smooth ER, Mitochondria
  In liver cells, you would typically find organelles such as peroxisomes, lysosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and mitochondria. These organelles play crucial roles in metabolism, detoxification, and energy production.

5. Acinar cells of the pancreas produce many digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen (enzyme that break down proteins), amylase (enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates), and lipase (enzyme that breaks down lipids). These enzymes are produced inside the cell and then secreted out of the cell through exocytosis. What cellular organelles would you find in acinar cells?

• Mitochondria?

• Golgi Body?

• Rough ER

6. Suppose you discover a chemical that has all of the following effects on a cell: cell growth
slowed down, the movement of cilia slowed down, cell divisions occurred less frequently,
proteins were made less often, and endocytosis occurred less often. Which of these organelles do you think the chemical affected most severely: lysosomes, Golgi body, or mitochondria?

• Mitochondria

7. Kevin S. and his wife have been trying to have a baby for the past three years. On seeking the help of a fertility specialist, Kevin learned that he has a hereditary form of male sterility involving non-motile sperm. His condition can be traced to defects in the cytoskeletal components of the sperm’s flagella. Based on this finding, the physician suspected that Kevin also has a long history of recurrent respiratory tract disease. Kevin confirmed that indeed he has had colds, bronchitis, and influenza more frequently that his friends. Why would the physician suspect that Kevin probably had a history of frequent respiratory disease based on his diagnosis of sterility due tonon-motile sperm?

• this is because both are made of microtubules (section of the cytoskeleton). Because the cytoskeloten of his cells are not functioning properly, it will effect all the cells in the body

8. If muscle biopsies (samples of tissue) were taken from the legs of a world-class marathon runner and a typical couch potato, which would you expect to have a higher concentration of
mitochondria? Why? How about a muscle biopsy from the biceps of a weight lifter?

• World class marothon runner

  • couch potato, this is because weight lifting is an anerobic activity’

    • MITOCONDRA REQUIRE OXYGEN

9. Suppose a drug is developed that promotes the channeling of H+ out of the inter membrane spaceinto the matrix of the mitochondria of adipose cells. How could this drug affect the production of ATP, body temperature and body weight? - It would decrease the amount of ATP being produced. This would cause a decrease in fat. Due to the increase of energy, the bodies temperature would increase.

• eletron transport train is a seris of protiens, that tranfer high energy electrons

  • the use the energy to transport hydrogen across the mitochondrian membrane

  •