Drugs

                      Chp- 5 Drugs Review / Study Guide 

Complete the following 

1. Physiological need for a drug that has been brought about by its regular use is called physical dependence.

2. A conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying emotional needs is called psychosocial dependence .

3. A test that  is nonspecific and preliminary in nature screening test

4. An analytical method for identifying a substance by exposing it to a specific type of electromagnetic radiation spectrophotometry 

5. A substance taken to increase alertness or activity stimulant 

6. Invisible long frequencies of light beyond violet in the visible spectrum UV

7. Steroids that promote muscle growth anabolic steroids 

8. A drug or substance that lessens or eliminates pain analgesic

9. A means of separating and tentatively identifying the components of a mixture chromatography 

10. A single test that specifically identifies a substance confirmatory test

11. A substances that depresses the functions of the central nervous system depressants

12. To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength fluoresce 

13. A substance that induced change in mood, attitude, thought processes, and perceptions hallucinogens 

14. Invisible short frequencies of light before red in the visible spectrum infrared light 

15. Tests to identify specific substances by the color a morphology of crystals formed when the substance is mixed with specific reagents microcrystalline test

16. Light having a single wavelength frequency monochromatic light

17. A device used to isolate wavelengths or frequencies of light monochromator

18. An analgesic or pain-killing substance that depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate narcotic

19. A natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher-order animals drugs

20. Also known and downers because they relax the user, create a sense of wellbeing and produce sleep barbiturates

21. A type of narcotic drug and the source of most narcotic drugs opium

22. The sniffing of materials containing volatile solvents, Freon and things of this nature huffing

23. a group of synthetic stimulants that share a similar chemical structure and are known as uppers of speed amphetamines

24. Have no medical value in the united states and have a high potential for abuse schedule 1

25. How many people in the United States use illicit drugs? 23 million

26. What is the best known synthetic opiate? methadone

27. What is the most frequently used opium derivative? heroin 

28. Why is OxyContin so addictive? Because its closely related to morphine

29. What is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States? marijuana

30. What is LSD derived from? fungus

31. What is the most abused drug in the United States? alcohol

32. What is the most common type of screen test? color test

33. What are two types of chromatography? thin layer & gas

34. What type of spectrophotometry is most effective for identifying drugs? infra-red

35. Why are anabolic steroids so dangerous? because they cause anger issues, infertility in males, premature halting of bone growth.

36. List three types of confirmation test? Microcrystalline test, chromatography, spectrophotometry.

37. What damage can huffing do to the human body? affect liver, heart, or brain damage.

38. List some examples of depressants? alcohol, barbiturates, ani-anxiety drugs.

39. What makes PCP so dangerous? Depression, tendencies towards violence, or suicide.

40. How can marijuana be used for medical benefit? Reduce excessive eye pressure in glaucoma, lessening of nausea, and muscle relaxant.

41. List some withdrawal symptoms linked with physical dependence of a drug? Body chills, vomiting, stomach cramps, or insomnia.

42. List some psychological reasons for drug use? sense of well-being, escape from reality, or peer pressure.

Multiple choices

1. Which of the following drugs is not a depressant?

a)Cocaine  b)  alcohol   c) diazepam  d) methaqualone

2. The drugs morphine, heroin, methadone, and codeine belong to which category of drug?

a) Stimulant  b) Narcotic  c) Depressant  d) Hallucinogen

3. Which of the following drugs is not often used as a club drug?

a) MDMA   b) Ketamine  c) Marijuana  d) GHB

4. The observation that no two substances produce the same fragmentation patterns under carefully controlled conditions is a unique feature of:

a)  Ultraviolet spectrophotometry      b) mass spectrometry.   c) Electromagnetic radiation. 

d) thin-layer chromatography.

5. Which of the following tests can be considered specific in itself for identification purposes?

a)  mass spectrometry   b) electromagnetic radiation  c) thin-layer chromatography 

d)  gas chromatography

6. All of the following are chromatographic processes found to be applicable for solving analytical problems encountered in the crime laboratory except: a) gas chromatography. 

b) solid-state chromatography c) thin-layer chromatography. d) GC-MS.

7. The higher the solubility of a gas in a liquid, the greater the tendency of the gas molecules to:

a) disperse. b) move from a liquid phase to a solid state c) remain in the liquid phase. 

d) move from a liquid phase to a gaseous or vapor phase.

8. This color reagent test is for cocaine where a powder containing cocaine will turn Solution A blue and upon addition of Solution B, the blue color is transformed to a clear pink color.

a) Van Urk Test  b) Dillie-Koppanyi Test  c) Scott Test   d) Duquenois-Levine Test

True or false

1. Although cocaine is classified as a narcotic, pharmacologically, it is actually a powerful central nervous system stimulant. True

2. An individual who uses LSD may be prone to flashbacks and psychotic reactions even after use is discontinued. True

3. The most severe criminal penalties for the unauthorized manufacture, sale, or possession of controlled dangerous substances are related to Schedules IV and V and the least severe penalties for Schedules I and II. False

4. Color tests, used to indicate the presence of a drug, are routinely used to confirm the conclusive identification of a particular drug. False

5. Thin-layer and gas chromatography are well suited for drug analysis because they separate drugs from their diluents while providing for their tentative identification. True

6. Infrared spectrophotometry is the only technique available to the chemist that can specifically identify a substance. False

7. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combination produces a fragmentation pattern that serves as a virtual “fingerprint” of a chemical substance since, with few exceptions, no two substances fragment in the same fashion. True

8. Chromatography is a means of separating and tentatively identifying the components of a mixture. True

9. The technique of thin-layer chromatography incorporates a liquid stationary phase and a moving gas phase to effect the separation of the constituents in a mixture. True

10. Infrared spectrophotometry allows for the identification of different materials because different organic substances always produce distinctive infrared spectra. True