1. What is the fertilized egg called?

- a) Zygote

- b) Embryo

- c) Fetus

- d) Teratogen

Answer: a) Zygote

2. Which stage of development occurs from 2 to 8 weeks, during which basic organs begin to form?

- a) Zygote

- b) Embryo

- c) Fetus

- d) Neonate

Answer: b) Embryo

3. What harmful substances can cause birth defects?

- a) Reflexes

- b) Teratogens

- c) Chromosomes

- d) Genes

Answer: b) Teratogens

4. Which reflex helps babies find food when their cheek is touched?

- a) Grasping Reflex

- b) Moro Reflex

- c) Rooting Reflex

- d) Babinski Reflex

Answer: c) Rooting Reflex

5. In Piaget’s theory, which stage involves learning through sensory and motor interactions?

- a) Preoperational

- b) Sensorimotor

- c) Concrete Operational

- d) Formal Operational

Answer: b) Sensorimotor

6. What concept describes the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen?

- a) Conservation

- b) Object Permanence

- c) Egocentrism

- d) Assimilation

Answer: b) Object Permanence

7. Which parenting style is strict with high expectations and little flexibility?

- a) Permissive

- b) Authoritative

- c) Authoritarian

- d) Uninvolved

Answer: c) Authoritarian

8. At which stage does Piaget say children begin to use symbolic thought but lack logic?

- a) Concrete Operational

- b) Sensorimotor

- c) Formal Operational

- d) Preoperational

Answer: d) Preoperational

9. Which reflex involves a baby making walking movements when their feet touch a surface?

- a) Moro Reflex

- b) Rooting Reflex

- c) Stepping Reflex

- d) Grasping Reflex

Answer: c) Stepping Reflex

10. Which of Erikson’s stages focuses on developing a sense of self in adolescence?

- a) Trust vs. Mistrust

- b) Initiative vs. Guilt

- c) Identity vs. Role Confusion

- d) Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer: c) Identity vs. Role Confusion

11. Which stage of Piaget’s theory involves logical thinking about concrete events?

- a) Sensorimotor

- b) Preoperational

- c) Concrete Operational

- d) Formal Operational

Answer: c) Concrete Operational

12. Which term refers to a baby’s natural disposition or emotional style?

- a) Temperament

- b) Attachment

- c) Reflex

- d) Schema

Answer: a) Temperament

13. Which theory of development suggests that knowledge is built through assimilation and accommodation?

- a) Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

- b) Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

- c) Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

- d) Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Answer: b) Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

14. In adolescence, what marks the onset of the ability to reproduce?

- a) Menopause

- b) Puberty

- c) Critical Period

- d) Temperament

Answer: b) Puberty

15. In Kohlberg’s preconventional level of morality, behavior is motivated by:

- a) Ethical principles

- b) Social order

- c) Avoiding punishment

- d) Maintaining relationships

Answer: c) Avoiding punishment

16. What does “zone of proximal development” refer to in Vygotsky’s theory?

- a) A stage where a child can solve a problem independently

- b) The difference between what a child can do alone and with help

- c) A child’s natural disposition

- d) The critical period for language development

Answer: b) The difference between what a child can do alone and with help

17. Which reflex causes a baby to spread its arms when startled?

- a) Moro Reflex

- b) Grasping Reflex

- c) Babinski Reflex

- d) Rooting Reflex

Answer: a) Moro Reflex

18. At what stage does Piaget say children develop abstract and hypothetical thinking?

- a) Sensorimotor

- b) Concrete Operational

- c) Preoperational

- d) Formal Operational

Answer: d) Formal Operational

19. What is the critical period in development?

- a) Time when a baby learns to walk

- b) Time when stimuli have a major effect on development

- c) Time when a baby forms schemas

- d) Time when puberty begins

Answer: b) Time when stimuli have a major effect on development

20. Which theory suggests children acquire gender identity by observing and imitating role models?

- a) Cognitive Perspective

- b) Psychoanalytic Perspective

- c) Behavioral Perspective

- d) Evolutionary Perspective

Answer: c) Behavioral Perspective

21. What is crystallized intelligence?

- a) Ability to learn rapidly

- b) Knowledge and skills learned through experience

- c) Ability to solve abstract problems quickly

- d) Declining cognitive function in old age

Answer: b) Knowledge and skills learned through experience

22. Which attachment style is characterized by distress when a caregiver leaves and comfort upon return?

- a) Insecure Attachment

- b) Avoidant Attachment

- c) Secure Attachment

- d) Ambivalent Attachment

Answer: c) Secure Attachment

23. At which age does menopause typically occur in women?

- a) 30

- b) 40

- c) 50

- d) 60

Answer: c) 50

24. Which of the following is an example of secondary sex characteristics?

- a) Development of ovaries

- b) Growth of pubic hair

- c) Production of mature sex cells

- d) Menopause

Answer: b) Growth of pubic hair

25. Which term describes the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives?

- a) Theory of Mind

- b) Object Permanence

- c) Conservation

- d) Egocentrism

Answer: a) Theory of Mind

26. What type of study follows the same group of people over time to assess changes?

- a) Cross-sectional study

- b) Longitudinal study

- c) Cohort-sequential study

- d) Biographical study

Answer: b) Longitudinal study

27. Who proposed the theory of moral development?

- a) Jean Piaget

- b) Erik Erikson

- c) Lawrence Kohlberg

- d) Harry Harlow

Answer: c) Lawrence Kohlberg

28. What is the “social clock”?

- a) The internal sense of time and scheduling

- b) A biological signal that regulates aging

- c) Societal expectations for major life events

- d) The developmental timeline of cognitive abilities

Answer: c) Societal expectations for major life events

29. Which disorder is marked by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, in old age?

- a) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

- b) Alzheimer’s Disease

- c) Fluid Intelligence

- d) Imprinting

Answer: b) Alzheimer’s Disease

30. Which parenting style is associated with high responsiveness and reasonable demands?

- a) Authoritarian

- b) Permissive

- c) Authoritative

- d) Uninvolved

Answer: c) Authoritative

31. What is the term for an infant’s automatic response to sucking when the roof of their mouth is touched?

- a) Sucking Reflex

- b) Rooting Reflex

- c) Grasping Reflex

- d) Moro Reflex

Answer: a) Sucking Reflex

32. Which stage of Piaget’s theory deals with logical reasoning about concrete objects?

- a) Formal Operational

- b) Concrete Operational

- c) Sensorimotor

- d) Preoperational

Answer: b) Concrete Operational

33. What theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development?

- a) Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

- b) Vygotsky’s Sociocultural

Theory

- c) Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

- d) Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Answer: b) Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

34. Which disorder can be caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

- a) Down syndrome

- b) Autism Spectrum Disorder

- c) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

- d) ADHD

Answer: c) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

35. Which concept refers to an individual’s ability to reflect on their own thinking?

- a) Meta-cognition

- b) Object Permanence

- c) Egocentrism

- d) Theory of Mind

Answer: a) Meta-cognition

36. At what stage of Erikson’s theory is generativity versus stagnation a concern?

- a) Adolescence

- b) Middle adulthood

- c) Young adulthood

- d) Old age

Answer: b) Middle adulthood

37. What is a teratogen?

- a) An organism that develops inside a mother

- b) A harmful substance that affects fetal development

- c) A gene responsible for inherited traits

- d) A hormone that influences growth

Answer: b) A harmful substance that affects fetal development

38. Which of the following describes a child in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s moral development?

- a) Behaves to gain social approval

- b) Follows rules to avoid punishment

- c) Acts to uphold laws

- d) Makes decisions based on universal ethical principles

Answer: b) Follows rules to avoid punishment

39. Which term describes a decline in physical and mental abilities with age?

- a) Menarche

- b) Senescence

- c) Imprinting

- d) Conservation

Answer: b) Senescence

40. Which attachment style involves a child showing little interest in their caregiver’s departure or return?

- a) Secure Attachment

- b) Avoidant Attachment

- c) Ambivalent Attachment

- d) Disorganized Attachment

Answer: b) Avoidant Attachment

41. Which process involves adjusting existing schemas to incorporate new information?

- a) Assimilation

- b) Accommodation

- c) Conservation

- d) Object Permanence

Answer: b) Accommodation

42. What describes a rapid increase in brain development in infants?

- a) Pruning

- b) Myelination

- c) Critical Period

- d) Growth Spurts

Answer: b) Myelination

43. What is the term for the first occurrence of menstruation in females?

- a) Menopause

- b) Menarche

- c) Puberty

- d) Ovulation

Answer: b) Menarche

44. Which of the following refers to an emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver?

- a) Temperament

- b) Attachment

- c) Reflex

- d) Assimilation

Answer: b) Attachment

45. At what stage in Piaget’s theory do children develop the ability to think logically about abstract concepts?

- a) Sensorimotor

- b) Preoperational

- c) Concrete Operational

- d) Formal Operational

Answer: d) Formal Operational

46. What is fluid intelligence?

- a) Accumulated knowledge over time

- b) Ability to reason and solve new problems quickly

- c) Decline in memory function in old age

- d) A strong emotional bond formed early in life

Answer: b) Ability to reason and solve new problems quickly

47. Which reflex causes a baby to curl its toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked?

- a) Moro Reflex

- b) Grasping Reflex

- c) Babinski Reflex

- d) Rooting Reflex

Answer: c) Babinski Reflex

48. What is imprinting?

- a) A baby’s natural response to sounds

- b) A rapid learning process in young animals during a critical period

- c) A method of parenting associated with attachment

- d) A form of early communication in newborns

Answer: b) A rapid learning process in young animals during a critical period

49. What is the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?

- a) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

- b) Initiative vs. Guilt

- c) Trust vs. Mistrust

- d) Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer: c) Trust vs. Mistrust

50. What type of development focuses on changes in thinking and problem-solving abilities over time?

- a) Physical Development

- b) Cognitive Development

- c) Emotional Development

- d) Social Development

Answer: b) Cognitive Development

Here are the hypothetical questions with answers:

1. A mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy, and the child later shows developmental issues. What might be the cause?

Answer: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

2. A child is startled by a loud noise and instinctively throws their arms out wide. Which reflex is being displayed?

Answer: Moro Reflex

3. If a child is upset when their mother leaves the room but quickly calms down when she returns, what type of attachment does the child likely have?

Answer: Secure Attachment

4. A 12-year-old begins to understand abstract mathematical concepts and think hypothetically. Which Piaget stage are they in?

Answer: Formal Operational Stage

5. A toddler cries when their toy is hidden behind a curtain, unaware that it still exists. What concept have they not yet developed?

Answer: Object Permanence

6. A teenager is making decisions based on gaining social approval rather than personal principles. Which level of Kohlberg’s moral development does this represent?

Answer: Conventional Level

7. A child consistently chooses behaviors to avoid punishment rather than based on an understanding of ethics. Which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development is the child in?

Answer: Preconventional Level

8. A parent is both demanding and responsive, setting rules but also listening to their child’s opinions. What parenting style does this describe?

Answer: Authoritative Parenting

9. An infant is touched on the cheek and turns toward the touch, attempting to nurse. What reflex is this an example of?

Answer: Rooting Reflex

10. An older adult begins to forget basic things like where they placed their keys and the names of family members. What disorder might they be experiencing?

Answer: Alzheimer’s Disease

11. A researcher is studying the same group of people for 20 years to see how their cognitive abilities change over time. What type of study is this?

Answer: Longitudinal Study

12. A child learns new words by watching how their parents talk and mimic their behavior. Which theory explains this learning process?

Answer: Behavioral Perspective

13. A toddler is hesitant to interact with strangers but quickly becomes comfortable in the presence of their parent. What attachment style might this reflect?

Answer: Secure Attachment

14. A 15-year-old struggles with their sense of identity, exploring different hobbies and groups. What stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development are they in?

Answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion

15. A mother smokes during pregnancy, and her child is born with low birth weight and developmental delays. What might be the cause?

Answer: Teratogens affecting fetal development

16. A young child thinks that if they can’t see a toy, it no longer exists. What developmental milestone have they yet to achieve?

Answer: Object Permanence

17. An 8-year-old is learning that even if a tall glass looks like it has more water than a short one, they can still contain the same amount. What concept is this?

Answer: Conservation (Concrete Operational Stage)

18. A child becomes aggressive and uncooperative because their parents rarely set rules or boundaries. What parenting style could contribute to this behavior?

Answer: Permissive Parenting

19. A 5-year-old cannot understand that other people have different perspectives and thinks everyone sees the world the way they do. What is this an example of?

Answer: Egocentrism (Preoperational Stage)

20. A child watches as their mother leaves the room but understands that she will come back. What concept has the child developed?

Answer: Object Permanence