Module 4 Flashcards

Teratogens = Factors that disrupt development (smoking, alcohol, radiation, air pollution)

Habituation Procedures = decline in responding to a stimulus once it is repeatedly administered

Schemas = Patterns of knowledge and long-term memory -> Assimilation(Existing knowledge)/Accommodation(new knowledge)

Object Permanence = The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed. Typically emerges around 8 to 12 months of age.

Egocentric = The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others, common in young children.

Deductive Reasoning = The process of drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises. Develops later in childhood.

Self-Concept = the self awareness of who we are, our core beliefs, the awareness of one's own existence along with others.

Temperament = the innate personality of an infant, encompassing traits such as emotional intensity and adaptability.

Aphasia = neurological impairment of language. Broca’s Area: Responsible for the production of speech.

Vernicke’s area: Left temporal lobe, if damaged or underdeveloped can speak fluently but not in a way that does not make sense.

Phonetics and Phonology: the speech sound with the research focused on how the brain processes the sounds.

Morphology: the study of word structure.

Syntax: how words are combined to form a sentence, the structure of the sentence. Semantics: the meaning of the words within a sentence.

Pragmatics: the context that creates meaning to words.

Universal Grammar: based on the idea humans were born with the innate ability to acquire language.

Labial consonant: preferred more by babies, sounds made more with our lips. Stop consonants: sounds where airflow in the mouth is blocked when speaking.

Sloppy Speech: informal ways of speaking, influenced by the strict rules of English (ex: hafta-have to, wanna-want to).

Voiced words: words that cause the vocal cords to vibrate when spoken.

Voiceless words: words that do not use the vocal cords to pronounce words, more air flow when spoken.