Axial Skeleton
Vocab
Terms
Margin /Border - edge
Ramus - branch off body
Condyle - smooth rounded articular surface
Facet - small flattened articular surface
Projections
Process - prominent projection
Tubercle - small rounded bump
Tuberosity - knob
Trochanter - Tuberosities on proximal femur
Epicondyle - near or above condyle
Ridges
Line/Linea - low ridge
Crest/Crista - prominent ridge
Spine - very high ridge
Openings
Foramen - hole: used for nerves, Blood vessels, etc.
Canal/Meatus- tunnel
Fissure - cleft
Sinus/Labyrinth - cavity
Depressions
Fossa - depression
Fovea - little point
Groove/Sulcus - Deeper, narrow depression
Fontanel - Becomes sutures after ossification in fetal skulls
Articular - movement/Attachment
Paranasal Sinuses
named for bones in which they are found
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Fibrous Joint Development
Fontanels - membranous areas in same suture between bones: In adults may ossify completely and become synostosis
Intervertebral Disks
located between adjacent vertebrae: filled w/ water to prevent collapse
Functions
Support
Prevent vertebrae rubbing against each other
Consist of
Annulus fibrous - external
Nucleus pulposus - internal and gelatinous
Becomes compressed with age and height decreases with age, more susceptible in herniation
Kyphosis - outward curve in spine
Lordosis - inward curve in spine
Thoracic vertebrae
Long thin Spinous processes directed inferiorly
Long transverse process
Articular facets on transverse processes for ribs
First 10 thoracic vertebrae
Facets on body for articulation w/ ribs
Most ribs have heads that articulate w/ two sequential vertebrea
Lumbar Vertebrae
Large thick bodies
Henry rectangular transverse and spinous processes
superior articular facets face medially: inferior articular: faces face laterally
Adds Strength
limits rotation
Sacrum and Coccyx
Median Sacral Crest - Partially fused spinous process
Sacral Foramina - intervertebral foramina
Coccyx - tailbone
Rib Cage
Thoracic Vertebrae
Ribs
True / Vertebrosternal - Superior 7. Attach directly to sternum via costal cartilages
False - interior five
Vertebrochonaral (3) - Joined by common cartilage to Sternum
Floating /Vertebral (2) - Do not attach to sternum
Sternum
manubrium - Articulates with first rib and clavicle
Jugular Notch - superiorly
Sternal Angle - point where manubrium joints body: second rib articulates here
Body - Third through seventh ribs articulate: gladiolus
Xiphoid Process - Inferior tip