Vocab

Terms

Margin /Border - edge

Ramus - branch off body

Condyle - smooth rounded articular surface

Facet - small flattened articular surface

Projections

Process - prominent projection

Tubercle - small rounded bump

Tuberosity - knob

Trochanter - Tuberosities on proximal femur

Epicondyle - near or above condyle

Ridges

Line/Linea - low ridge

Crest/Crista - prominent ridge

Spine - very high ridge

Openings

Foramen - hole: used for nerves, Blood vessels, etc.

Canal/Meatus- tunnel

Fissure - cleft

Sinus/Labyrinth - cavity

Depressions

Fossa - depression

Fovea - little point

Groove/Sulcus - Deeper, narrow depression

Fontanel - Becomes sutures after ossification in fetal skulls

Articular - movement/Attachment

Paranasal Sinuses

named for bones in which they are found

• Frontal

• Maxillary

• Ethmoidal

• Sphenoidal

Fibrous Joint Development

Fontanels - membranous areas in same suture between bones: In adults may ossify completely and become synostosis

Intervertebral Disks

located between adjacent vertebrae: filled w/ water to prevent collapse

Functions

• Support

• Prevent vertebrae rubbing against each other

Consist of

• Annulus fibrous - external

• Nucleus pulposus - internal and gelatinous

Becomes compressed with age and height decreases with age, more susceptible in herniation

Kyphosis - outward curve in spine

Lordosis - inward curve in spine

Thoracic vertebrae

Long thin Spinous processes directed inferiorly

Long transverse process

Articular facets on transverse processes for ribs

• First 10 thoracic vertebrae

Facets on body for articulation w/ ribs

Most ribs have heads that articulate w/ two sequential vertebrea

Lumbar Vertebrae

Large thick bodies

Henry rectangular transverse and spinous processes

superior articular facets face medially: inferior articular: faces face laterally

• Adds Strength

• limits rotation

Sacrum and Coccyx

Median Sacral Crest - Partially fused spinous process

Sacral Foramina - intervertebral foramina

Coccyx - tailbone

Rib Cage

Thoracic Vertebrae

Ribs

• True / Vertebrosternal - Superior 7. Attach directly to sternum via costal cartilages

• False - interior five

• Vertebrochonaral (3) - Joined by common cartilage to Sternum

• Floating /Vertebral (2) - Do not attach to sternum

Sternum

manubrium - Articulates with first rib and clavicle

• Jugular Notch - superiorly

• Sternal Angle - point where manubrium joints body: second rib articulates here

Body - Third through seventh ribs articulate: gladiolus

Xiphoid Process - Inferior tip