15.1: America in 1850

The fast victory of the Mexican-American War, overcome by the "gold prize," reinforced US national pride and self-confidence in previously Mexican California.
America now was a nation far larger than it was in 1800.
- The size of the land had more than doubled from 890,000 to 3 million cubic miles through war and diplomacy.
American writers struggled since the turn of the century to find distinctive American subjects, which began in the 1850's as the "American Renaissance" in the break of creative activities.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

15.2: Cracks in National Unity

In fact, the 1850 compromise consisted of five separate bills which embodied three distinct compromises.
In the big controversies of Andrew Jackson's presidency, the Second American Party system was a national party system. A system of political parties.
A far weaking man who hadn't seized the opportunity for presidential action, VP Millard Fillmore, assuming the presidency, was.
Ironically, the argument between Northerners and Southerners became so irreconcilable with a common commitment to expansion.
In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law dramatically increased slave owners' ability to capture escaped slaves.
- The full federal authority has now supported Slave owners, and although a hearing before a federal commissioner was guaranteed for fugitives, they were never permitted to give testimony in their own name.
The first sign of the national party system being weakened in 1852 was the difficulty experienced by both parties in their nominations.
In 1853 Pierce entered the White House on a wave of good feelings that were quickly stressed by Pierce's support for "Young America" expansionist goals.

Sign

15.3: The Crisis of the National Party System

Stephen Douglast introduced Kansas-Nebraska Act to further construct a transcontinental railway to California in an amazing example of the expansionist pressure generated by a market revolution.
In Kansas, residents of Missouri, a slave state itself, were the first to claim land.
- Land claims were made in Missouri, forms were established for the people of Leavenworth, Kickapoo and Atchison and, over and over again, the elections in Canton Kansas were flooded with flagrante votes from Missouri.
Violence in Kansas has been echoed in the nation's cities by increased violence.
- There were serious upheavals in New Orleans and elsewhere, and there was a great deal of violence in the election of 1854 and 1856.
In the new Republican Party, many constituencies found room.
- Many former northern whigs, which absolutely opposed slavery, many free-solar supporters.

15.4: The Differences Deepen

On 6 March 1857 a South-dominated Supreme Court decided to — and failed — to resolve the slave political controversy in Dred Scott v. Sandford, two days after James Buchanan was sworn in Sandford.
- All his life Dred Scott was a slave.
The popular sovereignty doctrine in Kansas led to continuing civil struggles and political paralysis between two territorial governments.
The short but sharp depression of 1857 and 1858 added to the growing political tensions.
- A role played by technology.
- A news story immediately hit telegraph lines onto Wall Street and other financial markets in August 1857 when the Ohio investment house failed—the type of event which had taken weeks to be widely known.
Because cotton exportations were less affected than northern exportations, the 1857 Panic was less damaging for the south than for the north.
- Southerners considered this as proof that their economic system is superior to the North's free labor system
Some unlikely people became heroes in the hot political mood of the late 1850s.
- No one was more unlikely than John Brown, the self-appointed avenger who in 1856 in Kansas killed unarmed pro-slavery men

15.5: The South Secedes

In the Democratic Nominating Convention of 1860, the split between the Democratic Party and north-south wings that took place during PresidentBuchanan's tenure became the official party.
Southerners were shocked by the results of the election.
- The prospect of a permanent minority within a political system dominated by a party that committed to slavery removal humiliated and frightened them.
The Confederal States of America were created in February and delegates from the seven seceding States met in Montgomery, Alabama.
The whole of the country waited for Abraham Lincoln to see what he was doing.

Political Candidates

15.1: America in 1850

The fast victory of the Mexican-American War, overcome by the "gold prize," reinforced US national pride and self-confidence in previously Mexican California.
America now was a nation far larger than it was in 1800.
- The size of the land had more than doubled from 890,000 to 3 million cubic miles through war and diplomacy.
American writers struggled since the turn of the century to find distinctive American subjects, which began in the 1850's as the "American Renaissance" in the break of creative activities.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

15.2: Cracks in National Unity

In fact, the 1850 compromise consisted of five separate bills which embodied three distinct compromises.
In the big controversies of Andrew Jackson's presidency, the Second American Party system was a national party system. A system of political parties.
A far weaking man who hadn't seized the opportunity for presidential action, VP Millard Fillmore, assuming the presidency, was.
Ironically, the argument between Northerners and Southerners became so irreconcilable with a common commitment to expansion.
In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law dramatically increased slave owners' ability to capture escaped slaves.
- The full federal authority has now supported Slave owners, and although a hearing before a federal commissioner was guaranteed for fugitives, they were never permitted to give testimony in their own name.
The first sign of the national party system being weakened in 1852 was the difficulty experienced by both parties in their nominations.
In 1853 Pierce entered the White House on a wave of good feelings that were quickly stressed by Pierce's support for "Young America" expansionist goals.

Sign

15.3: The Crisis of the National Party System

Stephen Douglast introduced Kansas-Nebraska Act to further construct a transcontinental railway to California in an amazing example of the expansionist pressure generated by a market revolution.
In Kansas, residents of Missouri, a slave state itself, were the first to claim land.
- Land claims were made in Missouri, forms were established for the people of Leavenworth, Kickapoo and Atchison and, over and over again, the elections in Canton Kansas were flooded with flagrante votes from Missouri.
Violence in Kansas has been echoed in the nation's cities by increased violence.
- There were serious upheavals in New Orleans and elsewhere, and there was a great deal of violence in the election of 1854 and 1856.
In the new Republican Party, many constituencies found room.
- Many former northern whigs, which absolutely opposed slavery, many free-solar supporters.

15.4: The Differences Deepen

On 6 March 1857 a South-dominated Supreme Court decided to — and failed — to resolve the slave political controversy in Dred Scott v. Sandford, two days after James Buchanan was sworn in Sandford.
- All his life Dred Scott was a slave.
The popular sovereignty doctrine in Kansas led to continuing civil struggles and political paralysis between two territorial governments.
The short but sharp depression of 1857 and 1858 added to the growing political tensions.
- A role played by technology.
- A news story immediately hit telegraph lines onto Wall Street and other financial markets in August 1857 when the Ohio investment house failed—the type of event which had taken weeks to be widely known.
Because cotton exportations were less affected than northern exportations, the 1857 Panic was less damaging for the south than for the north.
- Southerners considered this as proof that their economic system is superior to the North's free labor system
Some unlikely people became heroes in the hot political mood of the late 1850s.
- No one was more unlikely than John Brown, the self-appointed avenger who in 1856 in Kansas killed unarmed pro-slavery men

15.5: The South Secedes

In the Democratic Nominating Convention of 1860, the split between the Democratic Party and north-south wings that took place during PresidentBuchanan's tenure became the official party.
Southerners were shocked by the results of the election.
- The prospect of a permanent minority within a political system dominated by a party that committed to slavery removal humiliated and frightened them.
The Confederal States of America were created in February and delegates from the seven seceding States met in Montgomery, Alabama.
The whole of the country waited for Abraham Lincoln to see what he was doing.

Political Candidates