Rediscovering Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals

Initial Conception: Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the Sun, a simple and intuitive model.
Problems Identified by Schrödinger:
- Atomic Stability: An accelerating charged particle (electron orbiting nucleus) should, according to electromagnetic wave theory, continuously radiate energy (light). This loss of energy would cause the electron to spiral into the nucleus within nanoseconds (e.g., \approx a few nanoseconds), leading to atomic collapse. The planetary model fails to explain atomic stability.
- Atomic Spectra: When hydrogen is heated, it emits light at very specific, discrete frequencies (e.g., hydrogen spectrum lines). The planetary model cannot explain why only these specific frequencies are observed, implying an arbitrary continuous emission spectrum.
- Chemistry: The model provides no insights into chemical bonding or reactivity.
- Conclusion: The planetary model is considered