Aquatic Ecology

NY Envirothon 2025: Aquatic Ecology Study Guide

Overview of Aquatic Ecology

• Definition: Aquatic ecology is the study of organisms in aquatic environments, their interactions, and how these ecosystems function.

• Types of Aquatic Ecosystems: Freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands) and marine (oceans, estuaries).

Key Concepts

• Habitat: Different zones in aquatic ecosystems (e.g., pelagic, benthic, littoral zones).

• Biodiversity: Importance of species diversity in aquatic systems for resilience and stability.

Important Water Quality Parameters

• pH: Measurement of acidity/alkalinity of water; affects aquatic life.

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Essential for the survival of aquatic organisms; oxygen levels can vary with temperature and salinity.

• Nutrients: Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; their roles in aquatic productivity and issues related to eutrophication.

Aquatic Organisms

• Primary Producers: Phytoplankton, aquatic plants - convert sunlight into energy.

• Consumers: Zooplankton, fish, insects - form the food web.

• Decomposers: Bacteria, fungi - breakdown organic matter, recycle nutrients.

Human Impact and Conservation

• Pollution: Sources of pollution (agricultural runoff, industrial waste); effects on aquatic ecosystems.

• Invasive Species: Impacts of non-native species on local ecosystems.

• Conservation Efforts: Importance of marine protected areas, restoration projects, and sustainable practices.

Study Tips

• Field Visits: Observe local aquatic ecosystems; identify species and habitats.

• Group Discussions: Collaborate with peers to discuss findings and share knowledge.

• Practice Quizzes: Use flashcards or online quizzes to reinforce learning.