9 Types of Reactions

Entrance Ticket

Task: Balance the chemical equation. Given Equation: Na3PO4 + KOH → NaOH + K3PO4Instructions: Write your name on the cue card and submit your work when finished.

Predict-Observe-Explain

Task: Predict what happens when you mix these substances:

• Potassium iodide (KI): A yellow solid used in reactions.

• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): A clear liquid used for bleaching and disinfecting.

• Dish soap: A cleaning agent that helps mix substances by stabilizing them.

• Warm water: Heated water to help dissolve and mix the other substances.

Types of Reactions

Header Page: An introduction to various types of chemical reactions essential for understanding how substances interact.

Types of Reactions

Chemical reactions are primarily classified into five categories:

1. Synthesis: Two or more reactants combine to create one product.

2. Decomposition: A single compound breaks down into two or more products.

3. Single Displacement: One element replaces another in a compound.

4. Double Displacement: Ions from two different compounds swap places.

5. Combustion: A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Synthesis Reactions

Definition: A reaction where multiple substances come together to form a single new substance. General Equation: A + B → AB Example: 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO

Decomposition Reactions

Definition: A reaction in which a single substance breaks down into two or more products. General Equation: AB → A + B Note: This is the opposite of synthesis reactions. Example: 2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

Single Displacement Reactions

Definition: A reaction where one element displaces another in a compound. General Equation: A + BC → AC + B Types:

• Metals can replace metal ions (or hydrogen).

• Nonmetals can replace nonmetal ions. Example: Ni + 2 AgNO3 → 2 Ag + Ni(NO3)2

Double Displacement Reactions

Definition: A reaction where ions from two compounds exchange places. General Equation: AB + CD → AD + BC Example: 2 NaOH + CuSO4 → Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2

Combustion Reactions

Definition: A reaction where a hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Characteristics: These reactions release light and heat, which is critical for energy production. Examples: Common substances involved in combustion include natural gas, propane, and gasoline. Chemical Equation: CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

Predicting Outcomes of Reactions

In single displacement reactions, a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive one found below it in the reactivity series. Halogens follow similar replacement rules: for instance, Chlorine (Cl2) can displace bromide (Br-1) and iodide (I-1) but cannot displace fluoride (F-1).

Practice Problems for Predicting Reactions

Task: Predict whether a reaction will occur and identify any products formed based on given reactants. Case: Mg + Cu(NO3)2 →

Practice Solutions

Reaction Outcome for: Mg + Cu(NO3)2 → Magnesium (Mg) displaces copper (Cu) because it ranks higher in the reactivity series. Reaction: Mg + Cu(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Cu

Practice (Header Page)

Example Placeholder: Fe + AlCl3 →

Practice Solutions

Reaction Outcome for: Fe + AlCl3 → Note: Iron (Fe) is lower in reactivity compared to aluminum (Al). Conclusion: No chemical reaction occurs.

Predicting Double Displacement Outcomes

Key Point: A double displacement reaction occurs if at least one of the newly formed products is insoluble (refer to the solubility chart).

Practice Problems for Double Displacement

Task: Predict the outcome of the reaction: NaOH + Cu(NO3)2 →

Practice Solutions for Double Displacement

Possible Products:

• NaNO3 (soluble)

• Cu(OH)2 (insoluble) Conclusion: Since one product is insoluble, the reaction will proceed.

Practice (Header Page)

Example Placeholder: KCl + Fe(NO3)3 →

Practice Solutions for Double Displacement

Possible Products:

• KNO3 (soluble)

• FeCl3 (soluble) Conclusion: Since both products are soluble, no chemical reaction occurs.

Exit Ticket

Instructions: Complete the vibe check and your practice worksheet to affirm your learning and understanding.