Speech/Debate Final Vocab Part 2
Monroe's motivated sequence
A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seeks immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.
comparative advantages order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.
problem-cause-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.
problem-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
evidence
Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.
creating common ground
A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.
terminal credibility
The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech.
derived credibility
The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech.
initial credibility
The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.
analogical reasoning
Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.
causal reasoning
Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.
reasoning from principle
Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
reasoning from specific instances
Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.
reasoning
The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.
logos
The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning.
bandwagon
A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
invalid analogy
An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike.
false cause
A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second.
hasty generalization
A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.
fallacy
An error in reasoning.
appeal to tradition
A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new.
slippery slope
A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.
either-or
A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.
ad hominem
A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.
red herring
A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.
commemorative speech
A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea.
acceptance speech
A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.
speech of presentation
A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.
speech of introduction
A speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience.
pathos
The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.
appeal to novelty
A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old.