XI comp Trends in computing

Chapter 13: Trends in Computing and Ethical Issues

13.1 Introduction

• The growth of technology is rapid; its impact is greater than imagined decades ago.

• Examples of technological advancements:

  • Listening to news or music via voice commands.

  • Online shopping recommendations based on preferences.

• Overview of chapter topics:

  • Recent trends in computing.

  • Cyber security threats.

  • Issues related to intellectual property.

13.2 Trends in Computing

• Evolution of Computers: From room-sized machines to smartphones.

13.2.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• AI enables machines to think and learn akin to humans.

• Characteristics of AI technology:

  • Mimics human thought processes (learn from mistakes).

  • Acts rationally and ethically when making decisions.

• Notable examples of AI:

  • Social robot Sophia, personal assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving cars by Tesla.

• Future predictions:

  • AI expected to excel in tasks like language translation and driving in the next 5-10 years.

13.2.2 Internet of Things (IoT)

• IoT allows devices to transfer data over the Internet without direct user interaction.

• Applications of IoT:

  • Health (e.g., wearable fitness gadgets).

  • Home Security (e.g., surveillance cameras).

  • Transport (e.g., driverless cars).

  • Smart cities (e.g., automated transportation and environmental monitoring).

13.2.3 Virtual Reality (VR)

• VR offers immersive experiences in digitally created environments.

• Key components of VR technology include:

  • VR headsets for 3D environments.

  • Sensor gloves for interactive experiences.

  • Full-body suits to mimic physical movements.

• Applications of VR:

  • Military training simulations.

  • Pilot training and medical surgery practice.

13.2.4 Augmented Reality (AR)

• AR enhances real-world views with digital overlays, as seen in games like Pokémon Go.

• Devices enabling AR include:

  • Smartphones, AR glasses, and smart displays.

• Differences between AR and VR:

  • AR overlays digital content on reality; VR creates a new virtual world.

13.3 Cyber Security

• Importance of maintaining network security due to reliance on computer systems.

13.3.1 Threats to Computer Security

• Types of security threats include:

  • Computer Viruses: Malicious programs damaging data.

  • Spyware: Software that tracks user behavior secretly.

  • Adware: Delivers unsolicited advertisements and slows computers.

  • Spamming: Sending bulk unsolicited emails, affecting productivity.

  • PC Intrusion: Unauthorized access or attacks on personal computers.

  • Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information.

13.3.2 Cyber Security Measures

• Effective practices include:

  • Use of firewalls to block unauthorized access.

  • Active authentication processes (login IDs and passwords).

  • Regular updates of protective software.

13.4 Major Ethical Issues

• Information Society and ethical challenges in computing.

13.4.1 Individual's Right to Privacy

• Concerns regarding: collecting, storing, and distributing personal information.

• Ethical considerations include not invading privacy through data collection practices.

13.4.2 Intellectual Property Rights

• Rights to protect the efforts behind intellectual creations.

• Actions to protect rights include:

  • Copyrighting, patenting, and using trademarks.

13.4.3 Accuracy of Information

• Ensuring the authenticity and reliability of information provided to users.

13.5 Open Source and Its Philosophy

• Open Source Software: Allows users to modify and share software freely.

13.5.1 Terminology

• Free Software: Access without cost; emphasizes user freedom.

• Open Source Software: Free to use but may involve payment options, with source code available.

13.5.2 Philosophy of Open Source

• Principles include:

  • Free redistribution, access to source code, and allowance for modifications.

• Provides benefits for community collaboration and innovation.

13.5.3 Definitions

• OSS (Open Source Software) and FLOSS (Free Libre Open Source Software): terms used interchangeably for universally accessible software.

13.6 Netiquette

• Rules for online behavior include:

  • Respectful communication and clear, concise writing.

  • Avoid spamming and personal attacks.

13.7 Email Etiquette

• Key practices for effective email communication:

  • Be concise and clear in messaging.

  • Respond promptly, avoid excessive attachments, and use appropriate language.