PSYCH 110_2S_2425_JGORPIA_Unit1C_18c174d3b22d2ea532fd838898647213

Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU)

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Course Overview

PSYCH 110: Psychological Statistics

• Instructor: Jhanel Joshua Gines Orpia

• Department: Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences

Learning Objectives (Unit I)

• Compare descriptive and inferential statistics.

• Identify variables in statistical studies and their levels of measurement.

• Use summation notation correctly.

Introduction to Statistics

• Definition: Organizes information for better understanding.

Types of Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

• Summarizes datasets using mean, median, charts.

Inferential Statistics

• Makes predictions about populations based on sample data (hypothesis testing, regression analysis).

Key Terms

Variable

• Definition: Attribute or characteristic of interest in a statistical study, answers "WHAT?"

Types of Variables

1. Dependent Variables: Influenced by independent variables.

2. Independent Variables: Manipulated to predict outcomes.

3. Quantitative Variables: Numerical values.

4. Qualitative Variables: Represent categories.

5. Continuous Variables: Any value in a range.

6. Discrete Variables: Countable values.

7. Nominal: No order (e.g., gender).

8. Ordinal: Order exists but intervals are not equal (e.g., race ranks).

9. Interval: Equal intervals, no true zero (e.g., temperature).

10. Ratio: Equal intervals with a true zero (e.g., weight).

Data Collection Methods

• Primary Data: Collected firsthand (experiments, surveys).

• Secondary Data: Previously collected data for other purposes (research articles, census).

Characteristics in Research

• Constant: Remains unchanged (e.g., fixed exercise distance).

• Population Measure: Average from all data values (e.g., average oxygen consumption).

• Sample Measure: Average from a sample of data values.

Statistical Notation

• Purpose: Communicates statistical concepts and simplifies calculations.

Types of Summation Rules

1. Sum of sequences.

2. Split summation into parts.

3. Product rule (distributing product).

Example Problem**:

• Reaction time summation example with values of 1.2, 1.5, 1.3, 1.7, and 1.4 seconds.

Contact Information

• Email: op@mmsu.edu.ph

• Phone: (63) 77-600-0459

• Website: www.mmsu.edu.ph

• Location: City of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.