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→ An intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. (Also known as the “Age of Reason”)
Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan 1651
- Believed all humans are selfish and wicked
- Social contract theory- exchange power to a ruler in order preserve order.
John Locke: Two treatises on government
- Believed that people were naturally good and could control themselves.
- Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and property
- The purpose of government was to protect people’s rights
- we could overthrow government if we wanted too.
Other philosophers:
- Voltaire- free speech
- Montesquieu- separation of powers, as well as Checks and Balances
- Rousseau- similar beliefs as Hobbes.
- Mary Wollstonecraft- Spoke for women’s rights during the Enlightenment
Other Terms:
- Direct Democracy- Everybody votes on everything
- Representative Democracy- People vote on representatives to vote on their behalf.
- Individualism- People making decisions for themselves (Was rising during this time)
- Government- The system which oversees and governs a nation or area.
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