Prokaryotic cell structures: They’re unicellular organisms, bacteria, and archaea. The capsule is thin, the cell wall surrounds the cell to maintain its shape, as well as a single plasma membrane. They also contain cytoplasm, which takes up most of the space in the cell. DNA is its own molecule, near the nucleoid. Prokaryote cells are way smaller than Eukaryotes.

Eukaryotic cell structures: They are more complex than prokaryotes and has a nucleus. They’re found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, (which can sometimes be unicellular.) Eukaryotes have cytoplasm, DNA organized into chromosomes, mitochondria that transforms food into energy called ATP, an endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole.

Robert Hooke discovered cells in the 1660’s, naming them that as they reminded him of rooms or cells in which monks lived. Later on, Antonio van Leuwenhoek observed living cells under a microscope.

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow are credited for the cell theory development. This theory states that all living things are made of cells (basic units of structure.), as well as all cells arise from pre-existing cells.