bacteria structure

Fimbriae are hair-like structures that protrude from many bacterial cells and are
involved in bacterial conjugation.
Pili are structures that bacteria use to share and swap pieces of a circular DNA called
plasmid in the conjugation process. This can occur within biofilms and can result in
transferring antibiotic resistance between two types of bacteria.

Endospores are produced by some bacteria when environmental conditions are not
favourable. In this process vegetative bacterial cells undergo changes to “hibernate”
or “freeze” till conditions are more favourable. Endospores are extremely resistant to
harsh conditions and treatments (heat, dehydration, radiation, chemicals). Bacterial
strains that form spores are usually harder to eradicate. Some are disease-causing
bacteria like Bacillus and Clostridium