Classification ( taxonomy):
Putting living orgaiysms into a group

Biodiversity = The total number of different species living in a defined area.

Natural ( phylogenetic) classification ( scientists usually use):

• DNA simmilarities

• Protein simmilarities

• Biochemical simmilarities

• Anatomical simmilarities

• Homologous organs

• Embryonic simmilarities

Artificial classification:

• Simmilarities of physical appearance

• Analogous organs

( Viruses arent counted as living organisms)

Phylogenetic tree: A diagram used to describe evolutionary relationships

Homologous organ:

-Organs that have different function but the same anatomical structure ( benzer yapıya sahip farklı işlevler)

Analogous organ: Organs that have simmilar function but different anatomical structure)

Carl linnaeous ( father of taxonomy)=
Used “ biominal naming system”:

1) Two part naming system:

Genus. +. species epiteth

First word starts with capital letter the second with low.

2) İtalic type ( hand writing)

İn latina

( species in the same genus are most closely related to each other)

Three domains of life:

The largest group

Eucaryota:

• Nucleus presents

• Single or multiple celled

• Many organelles present

eg: Öglena, animals, human

Procaryota ( archea and eubacteria):

• Lack of nucleus

• Single celled nucleus

• Only ribosomes ( create protein)

Archea: Extremophile procaryotes ( Farklı ortamlara dayanıklı)

Eubacteria: The true bacteria

“ Eucaryotlar archealara eubacterialara olduğundan dahaçok benzer”

Archea+eubacteria ( en benzer) Eucaryota+archea ( benzerlikleri var)

Scheme of classification:

1) Domain

2)Kingdom

3)Phylum

4)Class

5)Order

6)Family

7)Genus

8)Species

( Do keep ponds clean or frogs get sick)

Classification of modern human:

Domain : Eukaryota

Kingdom: Animaila

Phylum: Chordata ( animals with back bones)

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates ( most intelligente)

Family: Hominidae ( humans and their closest relatives)

Genus: homo

Species: sapiens

Species name: homo sapiens