intro to photosynthesis
overview of photosynthesis
photosynthesis - releases O2, takes in CO2, occurs in plants, protists, and some bacteria
}}6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2}}
cellular respiration - releases CO2, takes in O2, occurs in humans and animals
}}6CO2 + C6H12O6 → 6H2O + 6CO2}}
- autotrophs: producers, organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis, obtain carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2
- heterotrophs: consumers, organisms that get carbon from breaking down organic molecules from other organisms, usually autotrophs
photosynthesis contains many reactions that typically occur in 2 stages.
stage 1: light-dependant reactions: converts light energy to chemical energy, makes ATP
- splits the water molecule, and releases O2
stage 2: light-independent reactions: runs on energy supplied by NADPH + ATP
- NADPH: a product of H2O molecule on coenzyme NADP+
- both are recycled to go back to the first stage
light-dependent reactions are executed by molecules located in a thylakoid membrane.
- thylakoid membrane: inner membrane system that carries out light-dependant reactions in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
- folds in the membrane make disks or tuykaloids
light-independent reactions run in stroma
- stroma: thick cytoplasm-like fluid that fills a chloroplast
sunlight as an energy source
blue and red lights fuel photosynthesis most effectively.
- wavelength: distance between crests of 2 waves, measured in nanometers
- visible light travels between 380-750 nm
- pigment: organic molecule that absorbs light of specific wavelengths
- photon: packs of energy w/ a related wavelength
pigments have a light-trapping region, a carbon chain or ring that have single bonds alternating with double bonds, so electrons can move freely amongst the atoms
- can easily absorb certain photons
wavelengths that aren’t absorbed are reflected, and that reflected light makes our perception of color. the most common instance of this is chlorophyll.