AP Review Packet of

AP Human Geography Big Ideas Packet Summary

Basic Human Geography

• Key Concepts: Longitude, Latitude, Absolute Location, Relative Location, Site, Situation

• Types of Maps: Various types including physical, political, and thematic maps.

• Sense of Place: Emotional attachment to a location; identity shaped by geography.

• Spatial Perspective: Examining variations across space, trends in populations and distributions.

• Scale: Different levels of analysis in human geography (local, regional, global).

Population Geography

• Population Statistics: Metrics such as birth rate, death rate, and demographic transition model (DTM)

• Population Patterns: Concentrated in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and parts of North America.

• Migration: Factors affecting migrations include push/pull factors; Ravenstein's laws of migration outline patterns.

• Population Policies: Types include expansive, restrictive, and eugenic policies affecting family planning.

Cultural Geography

• Cultural Hearths and Regions: Areas where cultures originate; regions defined by similar culture traits.

• Diffusion Types: Processes like hierarchical, contagious, and relocation diffusion spread language and culture.

• Language: Role in cultural identity; includes concepts like lingua franca, pidgin, and creole languages.

Political Geography

• State vs. Nation: Distinction between political entities and ethnic communities.

• Geopolitical Theories: Concepts including Heartland Theory and World Systems Theory.

• Territoriality: Human attempts to exert influence over geographic areas; includes gerrymandering ideas.

Economic Geography

• Types of Economic Activities: Categorized into primary (natural resources), secondary (manufacturing), tertiary (services), with quaternary and quinary activities indicating advanced economies.

• Commercial Agriculture: Shift from subsistence to agribusiness and its impacts on LDCs and MDCs.

• Development Models: Rostow's Stages of Growth and Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory.

• Global Economic Changes: Influence of multinational corporations, export processing zones, and the dynamics between core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries.

Urban Geography

• City Evolution: Transition from rural to urban living; influence of agricultural surplus.

• Urban Models: Include models like Concentric Zone Model, Sector Model, and Multiple Nuclei Model demonstrating urban growth dynamics.

• Gentrification: Process of urban renewal, often leading to displacement of original residents.

Miscellaneous Topics

• Environmental Issues: Address fossil fuel impacts, climate change, and sustainable practices.

• Globalization: Ongoing interconnectedness influencing local and global economies, cultures, and social dynamics.