Untitled Flashcards Set

Unit 1A: Founding Documents and Influences Q: What are the 5 purposes of government outlined in the Constitution? A: Establish justice – Fair laws & courts Ensure domestic tranquility – Maintain peace Provide for the common defense – Military protection Promote the general welfare – Support well-being Secure the blessings of liberty – Protect freedoms Q: What does it mean to establish justice? A: To create fair laws and courts that treat all people equally. Q: What does it mean to ensure domestic tranquility? A: To maintain peace and order within the country. Q: What does it mean to provide for the common defense? A: To protect the nation from foreign threats (e.g., military, border security). Q: What does it mean to promote the general welfare? A: To support citizens’ well-being (e.g., healthcare, education, infrastructure). Q: What are liberties? A: Freedoms and rights guaranteed to individuals (e.g., free speech, religion). Q: What changed because of the Magna Carta? A: Limited the king’s power and introduced rule of law. Q: What changed because of the English Bill of Rights? What did it influence? A: Strengthened Parliament’s power over the monarchy. Gave people more rights (e.g., no cruel punishment). Influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights. Q: What were John Locke’s views? What did he influence? A: Natural rights: Life, liberty, and property. Social contract: Government must protect rights. Influenced the Declaration of Independence. Q: What were Thomas Hobbes’ views? What did he influence? A: Believed in a strong government to prevent chaos. Social contract theory: People give up some rights for order. Q: What were Montesquieu’s views? What did he influence? A: Separation of powers (executive, legislative, judicial). Checks and balances to prevent tyranny. Influenced the U.S. Constitution. Q: What basic rights are outlined in the Declaration of Independence? A: Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. Right to overthrow a tyrannical government. Q: What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation set up? A: Weak national government with strong state governments. Q: What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? A: No executive branch. No power to tax. No national army. Required unanimous consent for amendments. Q: What were the Federalists' views? A: Supported a strong central government. Wanted the Constitution ratified. Key people: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison. Q: What were the Anti-Federalists' views? A: Opposed a strong federal government. Demanded a Bill of Rights to protect freedoms. Key people: Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry. Unit 1B: The U.S. Constitution Q: How many articles are in the Constitution? A: 7 articles. Q: How many amendments are in the Constitution? A: 27 amendments. Q: What are the six principles of the Constitution? A: Popular sovereignty – People have the power. Limited government – Government is restricted by law. Separation of powers – 3 branches with different powers. Checks and balances – Each branch can limit the others. Judicial review – Courts can declare laws unconstitutional. Federalism – Power is shared between federal & state governments. Q: What is judicial review? A: The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional. Q: Who selects justices, and how long are their terms? A: President nominates and Senate confirms. Lifetime appointment. Q: What is an example of judicial review in action? A: Marbury v. Madison (established judicial review). Q: What is federalism? A: Power is shared between the federal and state governments. Q: What is the Supremacy Clause? A: The Constitution is the highest law of the land. Q: How does the 10th Amendment relate to federalism? A: It reserves powers to the states if not given to the federal government. Popular Sovereignty & Separation of Powers Q: What is popular sovereignty? A: Government power comes from the people. Q: What type of democracy does the U.S. use? A: Representative democracy (republic). Q: What are the two parts of Congress? A: House of Representatives Senate Q: What are the roles of the legislative branch (Congress)? A: Makes laws. Controls spending. Declares war. Q: What are the roles of the executive branch (President)? A: Enforces laws. Commander-in-chief of the military. Can veto laws. Q: What are the roles of the judicial branch (Courts)? A: Interprets laws. Can declare laws unconstitutional. Checks and Balances Q: How can the legislative branch check the executive? A: Override vetoes. Impeach the President. Q: How can the executive check the legislative? A: Veto laws. Issue executive orders. Q: How can the judicial branch check the legislative? A: Strike down unconstitutional laws. Bill of Rights & Amendments Q: Who does the Bill of Rights protect us from? A: The federal government. Q: What does the 1st Amendment protect? A: Speech Religion Press Assembly Petition Q: What is the Exclusionary Rule (4th Amendment)? A: Illegal evidence cannot be used in court. Q: What does the 5th Amendment protect? A: Due process Self-incrimination Double jeopardy Q: What does the 8th Amendment protect? A: No cruel and unusual punishment. I’ve now answered every single question in flashcard format! This should make studying much easier. Let me know if you need any clarifications! 😊📚 You said: Unit 1A: Founding Documents and Influences What are the 5 purposes of government outlined in the Constitution? Establish justice – Create fair laws and courts. Ensure domestic tranquility – Maintain peace within the country. Provide for the common defense – Protect the nation from external threats. Promote the general welfare – Support economic and social well-being. Secure the blessings of liberty – Protect individual freedoms. What does it mean to establish justice? Creating a legal system that treats people fairly and equally. What does it mean to ensure domestic tranquility? Keeping peace within the country (e.g., police forces, National Guard). What does it mean to provide for the common defense? Protecting the nation from external threats (e.g., military, border security). What does it mean to promote the general welfare? Supporting policies that help citizens live better lives (e.g., healthcare, education). What are liberties? Freedoms and rights that individuals have (e.g., freedom of speech, religion). What changed because of the Magna Carta? Limited the king’s power and established the idea of rule of law. What changed because of the English Bill of Rights? Influence? Strengthened Parliament’s power, gave more rights to the people (e.g., free elections, no cruel punishment). Influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights. What were the views of John Locke? What did he influence? Believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property). Influenced the Declaration of Independence. What were the views of Thomas Hobbes? What did he influence? Believed in a strong government to prevent chaos. Influenced the idea of a social contract (people give up some freedom for order). What were the views of Montesquieu? What did he influence? Believed in separation of powers (executive, legislative, judicial). Influenced the U.S. Constitution. What rights are outlined in the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The right to overthrow a tyrannical government. What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create? A weak national government with strong state governments. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? No executive branch. No power to tax. No power to enforce laws. States had too much power. What were the views of the Federalists? Supported a strong central government. Wanted the Constitution ratified. Example: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison. What were the views of the Anti-Federalists? Opposed a strong central government. Demanded a Bill of Rights. Example: Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry. Unit 1B: The U.S. Constitution How many articles are in the Constitution? 7 articles. How many amendments are there? 27 amendments. What are the six principles of the Constitution? Popular sovereignty – Government power comes from the people. Limited government – Government is restricted by law. Separation of powers – Three branches of government. Checks and balances – Each branch can limit the power of the others. Judicial review – Courts can declare laws unconstitutional. Federalism – Division of power between national and state governments. What is judicial review? The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional. Who selects justices, and how long are their terms? The President nominates, and Senate confirms. Lifetime appointment. Example of judicial review in action? Marbury v. Madison – Established judicial review. What is federalism? A system where power is shared between national and state governments. What is the Supremacy Clause? The Constitution is the highest law of the land. How does the 10th Amendment relate to federalism? Reserves power to the states if it’s not given to the federal government. How does federal aid (carrot and stick) relate to federalism? Carrot = Government offers money to states to follow federal policies. Stick = Government threatens to withhold funds if states don’t comply. Popular Sovereignty What is it? Government power comes from the people. What type of democracy does the U.S. use? A representative democracy (republic). What are the two parts of Congress? House of Representatives Senate Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances Roles of the Legislative Branch (Congress)? Makes laws. Controls spending. Declares war. Roles of the Executive Branch (President)? Enforces laws. Commander-in-chief of the military. Can veto laws. Roles of the Judicial Branch (Courts)? Interprets laws. Can declare laws unconstitutional. How does each branch check the others? Legislative → Executive Override vetoes. Impeach the President. Legislative → Judicial Approves judges. Can propose amendments. Executive → Legislative Can veto laws. Can issue executive orders. Executive → Judicial Appoints judges. Judicial → Executive Can declare executive actions unconstitutional. Judicial → Legislative Can strike down laws as unconstitutional. Amendment Process How is an amendment proposed? 2/3 of Congress OR national convention. How is an amendment ratified? 3/4 of state legislatures OR state conventions. Unit 1C: Bill of Rights Who does the Bill of Rights protect us from? The federal government. When do people lose rights? When they break the law or in emergencies. What does the 1st Amendment protect? Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition. What is the Establishment Clause? Government cannot establish a national religion. What is the Free Exercise Clause? People can practice their religion freely. Why is Tinker v. Des Moines important? Protected student free speech (symbolic protest). What does the 2nd Amendment protect? The right to bear arms. Why is DC v. Heller important? Recognized individual gun rights. Why is McDonald v. Chicago important? Applied the 2nd Amendment to states. What does the 4th Amendment protect? Privacy from unreasonable searches. What is the Exclusionary Rule? Illegal evidence cannot be used in court. What does the 5th Amendment protect? Self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process. What does the 6th Amendment protect? Fair and speedy trial. What does the 8th Amendment protect? No cruel and unusual punishment. Government Unit 1 Vocab Sheet. Defining these terms as we work through the unit will be necessary to show basic understanding of the curriculum. (provide examples where applicable (*) for better understanding) Due:__________ Establish Justice*: Insure domestic tranquility*: Provide Common Defense*: Promote the General Welfare*: Blessings of Liberty*: John Locke: English Bill of Rights: Thomas Hobbes: Montesquieu: Declaration of Independence: Articles of Confederation: Federalist: Anti-federalist: Constitution: Federalism*: Necessary and Proper Clause*: Judicial Review*: Checks and Balances*: Popular Sovereignty*: Separation of Powers*: Limited Government*: Amendment Process: 1st Amendment: Establishment Clause*: Free Exercise Clause*: 2nd Amendment: 4th Amendment: 5th Amendment: Eminent Domain*: 6th Amendment: 8th Amendment: 10th Amendment: 14th Amendment: Equal Protection Clause: define these terms ChatGPT said: Here is a flashcard-style definition for each vocabulary term, including examples where needed: Unit 1 Vocabulary Definitions Founding Principles & Key Documents Q: Establish Justice* A: Creating fair laws and courts to ensure equality. Example: The court system ensures justice by interpreting and applying laws fairly. Q: Ensure Domestic Tranquility* A: Keeping peace within the country. Example: The police and National Guard maintain order during protests or emergencies. Q: Provide for the Common Defense* A: Protecting the nation from external threats. Example: The military defends the country against foreign attacks. Q: Promote the General Welfare* A: Supporting citizens’ well-being through policies and programs. Example: Social Security, healthcare programs, and infrastructure projects improve general welfare. Q: Secure the Blessings of Liberty* A: Protecting individual rights and freedoms for current and future generations. Example: The Bill of Rights ensures that freedoms like free speech and religion are protected. Influential Thinkers & Historical Documents Q: John Locke A: Enlightenment philosopher who believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property). Influence: His ideas shaped the Declaration of Independence. Q: English Bill of Rights A: A document that limited the power of the monarchy and expanded Parliament's authority. Influence: Inspired the U.S. Bill of Rights by establishing protections for free elections and fair trials. Q: Thomas Hobbes A: Believed people needed a strong government to prevent chaos. Influence: Developed the social contract theory, influencing government structure. Q: Montesquieu A: Believed in separation of powers to prevent tyranny. Influence: His ideas led to the U.S. three-branch system (executive, legislative, judicial). Q: Declaration of Independence A: A document written in 1776 that declared America’s independence from Britain, emphasizing natural rights and self-government. Q: Articles of Confederation A: America’s first constitution, which created a weak national government and gave too much power to states. Federalism & Constitutional Principles Q: Federalist A: Supported a strong central government and the ratification of the Constitution. Example: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison. Q: Anti-Federalist A: Opposed a strong national government; wanted a Bill of Rights to protect freedoms. Example: Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry. Q: Constitution A: The supreme law of the U.S., establishing the structure, principles, and powers of government. Q: Federalism* A: The division of power between the national and state governments. Example: The federal government handles foreign policy, while states control education policies. Q: Necessary and Proper Clause* A: Allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its powers (also called the Elastic Clause). Example: Establishing the First National Bank was justified under this clause. Checks and Balances & Government Structure Q: Judicial Review* A: The Supreme Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional. Example: Marbury v. Madison (1803) established judicial review. Q: Checks and Balances* A: A system that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the others. Example: The President can veto laws, but Congress can override the veto. Q: Popular Sovereignty* A: The idea that government power comes from the people. Example: Voting in elections is a key example of popular sovereignty. Q: Separation of Powers* A: The division of government responsibilities into three branches (legislative, executive, judicial). Example: Congress makes laws, the President enforces them, and the courts interpret them. Q: Limited Government* A: The idea that government power is restricted by the Constitution. Example: The Bill of Rights limits government authority by protecting individual freedoms. Amendment Process & Constitutional Protections Q: Amendment Process A: The process of changing the Constitution by proposal (2/3 Congress or convention) and ratification (3/4 states). Q: 1st Amendment A: Protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. Q: Establishment Clause* A: Prevents the government from establishing an official religion. Example: The government cannot require school prayer. Q: Free Exercise Clause* A: Protects people’s right to practice their religion freely. Example: You can wear religious clothing in public spaces. Q: 2nd Amendment A: Protects the right to bear arms. Q: 4th Amendment A: Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Q: 5th Amendment A: Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and ensures due process. Q: Eminent Domain* A: The government’s power to take private property for public use with compensation. Example: Building a highway through private land. Q: 6th Amendment A: Guarantees a fair and speedy trial. Q: 8th Amendment A: Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Q: 10th Amendment A: Reserves powers to the states that are not given to the federal government. Q: 14th Amendment A: Defines citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law. Q: Equal Protection Clause A: Requires states to treat all people equally under the law. Example: Brown v. Board of Education ruled segregation unconstitutional under this clause. how many flashcards would all this info make