Quest 2 midterm (quizzes 1-5)

QUIZ 1

Which of the following is an example of food waste?
A. A crop spoiled by bugs
B. Food contamination during transportation
C. Ugly fruits that are thrown away
D. Food loss during harvest due to a drought season

Which of the following is not a part of the food supply chain?
A. Transportation
B. Composting
C. Storage
D. Retail
Global quantitative food losses and waste per year are roughly ____ for cereals.
A. 100%
B. 80%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Which of the following is not caused by food waste and loss?
A. Increased Greenhouse Gas emissions
B. Economic losses
C. Improved Food Security
D. Environmental degradation
Which of the following is an example of a "postharvest" tissue?
A. A potato in the ground before it is harvested
B. None of the above
C. Broccoli florets being sold in a grocery store
D. An animal before it is slaughtered
Which of the following statements about food waste and loss is incorrect?
A. It generates about 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions annually
B. It consumes about one-quarter of all water used by agriculture each year
C. It has no effect on cropland
D. It accounts for 23 percent of total global fertilizer use
Apeel is an example of food preservation technology.
A. True
B. False
Fresh Produce is Alive.
A. False
B. True
What is the correct order for the food system stages?
A. Transport to market > sorting and grading > retail > harvest
B. Harvest > transport to market > sorting and grading > retail
C. Harvest > sorting and grading > transport to market > retail
D. Harvest > retail > sorting and grading > transport to market
Which of the following is a food service that sells "ugly" produce?
A. Imperfect foods
B. Blemished foods
C. Ugly foods
D. Off-grade produce

QUIZ 2

Which of the following is an example of Food Loss for fresh fruits and vegetables?
A. Spinach was not harvested due to low market price
B. Mangos became over-ripe after harvest
C. Stored sweetpotatoes were consumed by rodents
D. Hail storm made unsightly marks on the surface of peaches
Which of the following is an example of Food Waste for fresh fruits and vegetables?
A. Physical injuries from careless harvest practices caused melons to rot
B. Tomatoes were destroyed by disease in the field
C. Lettuce was contaminated by a bacteria that causes food poisoning
D. Bananas were edible but unmarketable due to chilling injury (peel discoloration)
Which of the following crops is derived from floral organs?
A. Tomato
B. Strawberry
C. Carrot
D. Broccoli
Which of the following is not an example of a food quality category?
A. Market price
B. Appearance
C. Texture
D. Aroma
That fact that fresh produce continues to respire after harvest is important because...
A. The rate of respiration is closely related to potential postharvest life
B. It shows that the produce is alive
C. Respiration produces heat, which must be removed to maintain quality
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a problem in postharvest potato?
A. Sprouting
B. Chlorophyll Loss
C. Water loss
D. Gravitropism
All of the following are derived from petiole tissue except:
A. Beetroot
B. Celery
C. Rhubarb
D. Bok Choy
The rate of water loss in leaves is modified by:
A. None of the above
B. Environmental conditions
C. Genetics
D. Both Genetics and Environmental Conditions
Senescence in bulb, root, and tuber vegetables takes place in two phases. Those phases are:
A. Early and Late phases
B. Green and Ripe phases
C. Dormant and Active phases
D. Vegetative and Reproductive phases
Locally produced fruits and vegetables have several advantages for reducing food waste, but one. Which of the following is the limitation?
A. There are seasonal limitations on their production
B. The produce can be harvested at peak maturity
C. The produce is fresher than non-local produce
D. Consumers can choose to purchase imperfect produce

QUIZ 3

Why are berries packed in the field rather than in a packinghouse?
A. To save money (building a packinghouse is expensive!)
B. Because they don’t need to be washed
C. Berries don’t need to be sorted for maturity, color, defects, etc.
D. To minimize handling because they are so fragile
Rank the following from highest to lowest concentration of glycoalkaloids:
A. flower > sprout > leaf > tuber
B. tuber > flower > sprout > leaf
C. flower > leaf > sprout > tuber
D. flower > tuber > sprout > leaf
Harvest time is most often a compromise between...
A. Expected daily high temperature and phase of the moon
B. Maximum quality and the product’s ability to survive the marketing chain
C. Availability of labor and the cost of labor
D. More immature fruit versus more overmature fruit
What is senescence in the context of postharvest biology?
A. The deterioration of plant tissues after harvest
B. The process of fruit ripening
C. The storage of fruits and vegetables in controlled environments
D. The application of chemicals to extend the shelf life of produce
All of the following are true of senescence except:
A. It limits crop yields
B. It only occurs in mature plants
C. Nutritional compounds degrade
D. It results in chlorophyll degradation
Which statement best describes the roles of source and sink tissues in postharvest senescence?
A. None of the above
B. Source tissues and sink tissues both accumulate nutrients.
C. Sink tissues provide nutrients to source tissues.
D. Source tissues provide nutrients to sink tissues.
True or False:
Developing leaves serve as 'source' tissues in the source-sink theory.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is not an example of mechanical damage to a crop?
A. Compression damage
B. Bruising
C. Sprouting
D. Cuts
Which of the following is a proteolytic process that can contribute to cell death?
A. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production
B. Chlorophyll degradation
C. Autophagy
D. Nutrient remobilization
True or False:
Preharvest factors affect postharvest systems.
A. False
B. True

QUIZ 4

Which of the following vegetables is not considered a temperate-zone underground vegetable?
A. Radish
B. Carrot
C. Beet
D. Sweet potato
What substance accumulates in potatoes when exposed to light, causing greening and toxicity?
A. Solanine
B. IAA
C. ABA
D. GA3
What is apical dominance (AD) in potato tubers?
A. Equal growth of both apical and lateral buds
B. Control of lateral bud over apical bud growth
C. Suppression of all bud growth
D. Control of apical bud over lateral bud outgrowth
During the winter months, potato tubers do not sprout because the external environmental conditions are unfavorable. What type of dormancy is this an example of?
A. Paradormancy
B. Ecodormancy
C. Apical Dominance
D. Endodormancy
Curing refers to the process of:
A. None of the above
B. Potato packaging
C. Ethylene production
D. Sprouting
True or False.
Tropical-zone produce is generally more tolerant to storage at cold temperatures than temperate-zone produce.
A. True
B. False
What is a consequence of low concentrations of ethylene in the storage environment of carrots and parsnips?
A. Increases size
B. Enhances sweetness
C. Induces bitterness
D. Reduces decay
What is the term for the physiological stage of a seed tuber that influences its sprouting behavior?
A. Chronological age
B. Genotype
C. Physiological age
D. Dormancy
True or False:
Preharvest environmental conditions have little overall effect on the duration of the dormant period in tubers.
A. False
B. True
What is the function of Chlorpropham (CIPC) in postharvest handling of tuber crops like potatoes?
A. A sprouting inhibitor
B. A drying agent used during the curing process
C. A ripening agent
D. A dormancy-breaking chemical

QUIZ 5

What is the primary byproduct in meat production that can cause water pollution?
A. Methane gas
B. Chemicals
C. Feed waste
D. Manure
Waste in meat production is highest during:
A. Consumption in Europe
B. Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Which type of product does NOT have some of the highest environmental impact?
A. Processed products
B. Local products
C. Seasonal products imported from another region
D. Animal products
The production of ______ generates the majority of food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
A. Staple crops
B. Nuts and seeds
C. Vegetables and fruits
D. Animal products
Which animal-based food waste has the biggest environmental impact?
A. Beef
B. Lamb
C. Seafood
D. Pork
Which plant-based food waste has the biggest environmental impact?
A. Coffee
B. Potatoes
C. Lettuce
D. Tomatoes
Technological changes increase the efficiency of production and reduce the environmental impact per unit of food produced.
A. True
B. False
What are two types of loss during fish harvesting and post-harvesting?
A. Marine bycatch
B. Fish eggs
C. Feed
D. Byproducts like bones, skin, and cartilage
What has NOT been a factor in leading to the 5x increase in chicken size since the 1950s?
A. Consumer demand
B. Love and care
C. Breeding advancements
D. Hormone treatments
Huge reductions in meat-eating are essential to avoid dangerous climate change, according to the most comprehensive analysis yet of the food system’s impact on the environment.
A. True
B. False