CHM103 Chapter 1_1 no R (1)

Chapter 1: Matter, Measurements, and Calculations

Page 1: Overview

• Introduction to the study of matter and measurements in Chemistry by Thomson Higher Education.This chapter will cover the fundamental concepts of matter, including its properties, states, and the importance of accurate measurements in scientific experiments. In addition, we will explore the various techniques used to quantify matter and the significance of significant figures in ensuring precision in calculations. Furthermore, the chapter will discuss the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures, providing examples of each to illustrate their distinct characteristics. Additionally, we will examine the role of the scientific method in chemistry, highlighting how systematic observation and experimentation lead to a deeper understanding of matter and its interactions.

• Understanding the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures will also be addressed, providing a foundation for further studies in chemistry.

Page 12: Chemistry Introduction

• Definition of Chemistry: Study of physical and compositional changes of matter.

• Recognized as the Central Science linking various science disciplines.

Page 13: Definition of Matter

• Matter Characteristics:

  • Has mass, occupies space, composed of atoms.

• Mass vs. Weight:

  • Mass: Amount of matter, constant regardless of location.

  • Weight: Gravitational force, varies with location.

Page 14: Understanding Weight

• Weight Definition: Measure of gravitational force.

• Gravitational force on Earth vs. Moon example: 1.0 lb on Earth = 0.17 lb on Moon (1/6 gravity).

Page 15: Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties: Observable/measurable without altering composition (e.g., color, mass, state changes).

• Chemical Properties: Observed/measured when matter composition changes (e.g., flammability).

Page 16: Changes in Matter

• Physical Changes: Reversible, no change in composition (e.g., freezing).

• Chemical Changes: Often irreversible, accompanied by a change in composition, creating new substances (e.g., combustion).

Page 17: Example Question

• Quiz question on the nature of separating iron filings from sand (Chemical vs. Physical Reaction).