Intelligence testing WK2
Screening: Evidence of cognitive impairment? (based on cutoff score) Refer for evaluation, brief, not used for diagnosis, Sensitivity>Specificity
Testing: Administration, scoring, and labeling of tests, based on normative data, 1+ cognitive domains, can inform specific treatment goals
Evaluation: Comprehensive breadth & depth, interpretive: in context, Integrative: Multiple sources
Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE): screening measure to track cognition over time, or to infer dysfunction in various cognitive domains based on item-level responses. Largely verbal and No executive or processing speed areas.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): screening measure, has executive functioning.
Intelligence: general mental ability, ability to learn from experience, engage in complex reasoning, and adapt to the environment.
Spearman’s g: g=all mental abilities, revised later to include g+specific factors
Throndike: no g factor, multiple intelligences
Cattell:
-Fluid intelligence (Gf)-new learning, abstract reasoning, problem solving→declines with aging, very vulnerable
-Crystalized intelligence (Gc)-consolidated knowledge & skills→preserved with aging, more robust
Cattell, Horn, & Carroll:
Added-processing speediness (Gs), visualization (Gv), tertiary storage & retrieval (TSR)
Wechsler: Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully
-Characterizes behavior as a whole
General intelligence→domains of intelligence→specific abilities
IQ is not g, IQ is a score
White Matter:
Gray Matter: bodies of neurons
Axons: allow neurons to communicate
-IQ is correlated to total brain volumes and with gray matter > white matter
-Frontal and fronto-parietal areas are correlated to executive functioning
-Corpus callosum is correlated to inter-hemispheric integration of info
-Verbal comprehension stems from networks in dominantly left hemisphere involving frontal and temporal lobes
-Visual spatial stems from networks in R hemisphere
-Fluid Reasoning is broad and might be related to functioning that structure (prefrontal and frontal-parietal networks.
-Working memory: prefrontal areas, typically in both hemispheres. Dense connections to parietal areas
-Processing speed: dependent on integrity of white matter tracts throughout the brain.
Heritability: caused by many genes of small effect
*We are misinterpreting SES effects as ethnoracial effects
Disability = an interaction between the individual and the environment.
IDD: disorder with inset during developmental period that includes deficits in intellectual fx and adaptive fx (conceptual, social, practical). Can be congenital(at birth) or acquired.
-To diagnose intellectual fx deficits you will need assessments, standardized intelligence testing. Score typically 2+ standard deviations below the mean (for IQ 2 SD below the mean=70, accounting for error usually 65-75 range).
-Adaptive fx deficits that result in failure to meet dev. & sociocultural standards for personal independence and social resp., deficits limit fx in daily life.
-Instrumental DL activities are complex, Basic DL activities are less complex.
Giftedness: not a dx or condition, found per state. Might need support for social-emotional development. Gifted and disability=”twice exceptional”