EMT notes

SECTION 6 Medical

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Medical Overview

Introduction

Types of Medical Emergencies

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Management, Transport, and Destination

Scene Time

Type of Transport

Destination Selection

Infectious Diseases

General Assessment Principles

General Management Principles

Epidemic and Pandemic Considerations

Common or Serious Communicable Diseases

Influenza16

Herpes Simplex

HIV Infection

Hepatitis

Meningitis

Tuberculosis

Whooping Cough

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Global Health Issues

Travel Medicine

Conclusion

Respiratory Emergencies

Introduction

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Physiology of Respiration

Pathophysiology

Carbon Dioxide Retention and Hypoxic Drive

Causes of Dyspnea

Upper or Lower Airway Infection

Acute Pulmonary Edema

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion

Obstruction of the Airway

Pulmonary Embolism

Hyperventilation

Environmental/Industrial Exposure

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care

Metered-Dose Inhaler and Small-Volume Nebulizer

Administration of an MDI

Administration of a Small-Volume Nebulizer

Treatment of Specific Conditions

Upper or Lower Airway Infection

Acute Pulmonary Edema

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion

Obstruction of the Airway

Pulmonary Embolism17

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Hyperventilation

Environmental/Industrial Exposure

Foreign Body Aspiration

Tracheostomy Dysfunction

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Cardiovascular Emergencies

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

Circulation

Pathophysiology

Atherosclerosis

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cardiogenic Shock

Congestive Heart Failure

Hypertensive Emergencies

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care for Chest Pain or Discomfort

Administering Nitroglycerin

Cardiac Monitoring

Placing the Electrodes

Performing Cardiac Monitoring

Reviewing the ECG Tracing

Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Assistive Devices

Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators

External Defibrillator Vest

Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Cardiac Arrest

Automated External Defibrillation

Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest

Preparation

Performing Defibrillation

Neurologic Emergencies

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology

Headache

Stroke

Types of Stroke19

20

Signs and Symptoms of Stroke

Conditions That May Mimic Stroke

Seizures

Causes of Seizures

The Importance of Recognizing Seizures

The Postictal State

Syncope

Altered Mental Status

Causes of Altered Mental Status

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care

Headache

Stroke

Seizure

Altered Mental Status

Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

The GI System

Additional Abdominal Organs

The Genital System

The Urinary System

Pathophysiology

Abdominal Pain

Causes of Acute Abdomen

Urinary System

Kidneys

Female Reproductive Organs

Other Organ Systems

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care

Dialysis Emergencies

Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies

Introduction21

22

Endocrine Emergencies

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology

Patient Assessment of Diabetes

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care for Diabetic Emergencies

Giving Oral Glucose

The Presentation of Hypoglycemia

Seizures

Altered Mental Status

Misdiagnosis of Neurologic Dysfunction

Relationship to Airway Management

Hematologic Emergencies

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology

Patient Assessment of Hematologic Disorders

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care for Hematologic Disorders

Allergy and Anaphylaxis

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology

Common Allergens

Insect Stings

Patient Assessment of an Immunologic Emergency

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care of Immunologic Emergencies

Epinephrine

Toxicology

Introduction

Identifying the Patient and the Poison

How Poisons Enter the Body23

Inhaled Poisons

Absorbed and Surface Contact Poisons

Ingested Poisons

Injected Poisons

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care

Specific Poisons

Alcohol

Opiates and Opioids

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

Abused Inhalants

Hydrogen Sulfide

Sympathomimetics

Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts)

Marijuana

Hallucinogens

Anticholinergic Agents

Cholinergic Agents

Miscellaneous Drugs

Food Poisoning

Plant Poisoning

Behavioral Health Emergencies

Introduction

Myth and Reality

Defining a Behavioral Crisis

The Magnitude of Mental Health Disorders

Pathophysiology

Organic

Functional

Safe Approach to a Behavioral Crisis

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Acute Psychosis

Schizophrenia

Delirium

Excited Delirium

Restraint24

Risks Associated With Patient Restraint

The Process of Restraining a Patient

Performing Patient Restraint

The Potentially Violent Patient

Suicide

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Returning Combat Veterans

Signs and Symptoms of PTSD

Caring for the Combat Veteran

Medicolegal Considerations

Consent

Limited Legal Authority

Gynecologic Emergencies

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Vaginal Bleeding

Patient Assessment

Scene Size-up

Primary Assessment

History T aking

Secondary Assessment

Reassessment

Emergency Medical Care

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Sexual Assault and Rape