SECTION 6 Medical
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Medical Overview
Introduction
Types of Medical Emergencies
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Management, Transport, and Destination
Scene Time
Type of Transport
Destination Selection
Infectious Diseases
General Assessment Principles
General Management Principles
Epidemic and Pandemic Considerations
Common or Serious Communicable Diseases
Influenza16
Herpes Simplex
HIV Infection
Hepatitis
Meningitis
Tuberculosis
Whooping Cough
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Global Health Issues
Travel Medicine
Conclusion
Respiratory Emergencies
Introduction
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Physiology of Respiration
Pathophysiology
Carbon Dioxide Retention and Hypoxic Drive
Causes of Dyspnea
Upper or Lower Airway Infection
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Pleural Effusion
Obstruction of the Airway
Pulmonary Embolism
Hyperventilation
Environmental/Industrial Exposure
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care
Metered-Dose Inhaler and Small-Volume Nebulizer
Administration of an MDI
Administration of a Small-Volume Nebulizer
Treatment of Specific Conditions
Upper or Lower Airway Infection
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Pleural Effusion
Obstruction of the Airway
Pulmonary Embolism17
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Hyperventilation
Environmental/Industrial Exposure
Foreign Body Aspiration
Tracheostomy Dysfunction
Asthma
Cystic Fibrosis
Cardiovascular Emergencies
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Circulation
Pathophysiology
Atherosclerosis
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Cardiogenic Shock
Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertensive Emergencies
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care for Chest Pain or Discomfort
Administering Nitroglycerin
Cardiac Monitoring
Placing the Electrodes
Performing Cardiac Monitoring
Reviewing the ECG Tracing
Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Assistive Devices
Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
External Defibrillator Vest
Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Cardiac Arrest
Automated External Defibrillation
Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest
Preparation
Performing Defibrillation
Neurologic Emergencies
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology
Headache
Stroke
Types of Stroke19
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Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
Conditions That May Mimic Stroke
Seizures
Causes of Seizures
The Importance of Recognizing Seizures
The Postictal State
Syncope
Altered Mental Status
Causes of Altered Mental Status
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care
Headache
Stroke
Seizure
Altered Mental Status
Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
The GI System
Additional Abdominal Organs
The Genital System
The Urinary System
Pathophysiology
Abdominal Pain
Causes of Acute Abdomen
Urinary System
Kidneys
Female Reproductive Organs
Other Organ Systems
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care
Dialysis Emergencies
Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies
Introduction21
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Endocrine Emergencies
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology
Patient Assessment of Diabetes
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care for Diabetic Emergencies
Giving Oral Glucose
The Presentation of Hypoglycemia
Seizures
Altered Mental Status
Misdiagnosis of Neurologic Dysfunction
Relationship to Airway Management
Hematologic Emergencies
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology
Patient Assessment of Hematologic Disorders
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care for Hematologic Disorders
Allergy and Anaphylaxis
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology
Common Allergens
Insect Stings
Patient Assessment of an Immunologic Emergency
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care of Immunologic Emergencies
Epinephrine
Toxicology
Introduction
Identifying the Patient and the Poison
How Poisons Enter the Body23
Inhaled Poisons
Absorbed and Surface Contact Poisons
Ingested Poisons
Injected Poisons
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care
Specific Poisons
Alcohol
Opiates and Opioids
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Abused Inhalants
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sympathomimetics
Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts)
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Anticholinergic Agents
Cholinergic Agents
Miscellaneous Drugs
Food Poisoning
Plant Poisoning
Behavioral Health Emergencies
Introduction
Myth and Reality
Defining a Behavioral Crisis
The Magnitude of Mental Health Disorders
Pathophysiology
Organic
Functional
Safe Approach to a Behavioral Crisis
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Acute Psychosis
Schizophrenia
Delirium
Excited Delirium
Restraint24
Risks Associated With Patient Restraint
The Process of Restraining a Patient
Performing Patient Restraint
The Potentially Violent Patient
Suicide
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Returning Combat Veterans
Signs and Symptoms of PTSD
Caring for the Combat Veteran
Medicolegal Considerations
Consent
Limited Legal Authority
Gynecologic Emergencies
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Vaginal Bleeding
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up
Primary Assessment
History T aking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment
Emergency Medical Care
Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Sexual Assault and Rape