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Year 9 Physics Electricity 

Static Electricity

  • a charged particle is a particle that has an electric charge that is either a negative, positive, or neutral charge

    • for example, a proton, neutron, or electron

  • a unit of elementary electrical charge is a coulomb

Structure of the Atom

  • nucleus has:

    • protons which are positively charged

    • neutrons which have no charge but contribute to the mass of the nucleus

  • protons and neutrons have a very similar mass/weight

    • 1800x times heavier than electrons

  • electrons spin around in space surrounding the nucleus

  • the overall charge of the atom is neutral as protons and electrons cancel out each others charge

Valence Shells

  • ions are most stable when their outer (valence) shell is full of electrons

  • but, atoms without valence shells:

    • gain electrons to become negative and become anions

    • lose electrons to become positive and become cations

  • cations - positive ions

  • anions - negative ions

things in the universe tend to go to their lowest energy level - this is why atoms try to have less unstable shells, so thats why ions are formed to try and stabilise their valence shells

Electricity

  • electricity is energy that is being transported between points

    • electricity flows - it is the flow of negative charge, electrons

  • it is transported so that it can be transformed into other types of energy

Conductors

  • when electricity flows through a material, it is being conducted

  • conductors are materials that electricity can flow through well

  • for example, water, metals like copper

  • in a metal, there are lots of atoms

    • if an electro breaks free from one atom it is attracted to the other atoms, where it will bind

      • as a result, electricity flows through

Year 9 Physics Electricity 

Static Electricity

  • a charged particle is a particle that has an electric charge that is either a negative, positive, or neutral charge

    • for example, a proton, neutron, or electron

  • a unit of elementary electrical charge is a coulomb

Structure of the Atom

  • nucleus has:

    • protons which are positively charged

    • neutrons which have no charge but contribute to the mass of the nucleus

  • protons and neutrons have a very similar mass/weight

    • 1800x times heavier than electrons

  • electrons spin around in space surrounding the nucleus

  • the overall charge of the atom is neutral as protons and electrons cancel out each others charge

Valence Shells

  • ions are most stable when their outer (valence) shell is full of electrons

  • but, atoms without valence shells:

    • gain electrons to become negative and become anions

    • lose electrons to become positive and become cations

  • cations - positive ions

  • anions - negative ions

things in the universe tend to go to their lowest energy level - this is why atoms try to have less unstable shells, so thats why ions are formed to try and stabilise their valence shells

Electricity

  • electricity is energy that is being transported between points

    • electricity flows - it is the flow of negative charge, electrons

  • it is transported so that it can be transformed into other types of energy

Conductors

  • when electricity flows through a material, it is being conducted

  • conductors are materials that electricity can flow through well

  • for example, water, metals like copper

  • in a metal, there are lots of atoms

    • if an electro breaks free from one atom it is attracted to the other atoms, where it will bind

      • as a result, electricity flows through

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