nur_163_week_6_stress___coping_

Introduction to Stress Response

• Fight or Flight Response

  • Activated in response to perceived threats (e.g., encountering a bear).

  • Physical symptoms include:

    • Dilated pupils: Enhances vision.

    • Increased respiration: Improves oxygen supply to muscles.

    • Increased heart rate and blood pressure: Prepares body for action.

    • Decreased urine production and digestion: Body prioritizes survival over non-essential functions.

Coping Mechanisms

• Healthy vs. Unhealthy Coping Mechanisms

  • Healthy ways to cope include:*

    • Exercising: Physical release and improved mood.

    • Meditation: Helps in stress reduction and mental clarity.

    • Journaling: A means to express thoughts and feelings.

    • Music therapy: Useful for emotional regulation.

    • Cooking/Baking: Creative outlet that can serve as a stress reliever.

  • Unhealthy coping mechanisms examples:*

    • Anger manifestations: Such as punching walls.

    • Substance abuse: Excessive use of drugs or alcohol.

    • Compulsive shopping or hoarding: Escaping stress through material possessions.

Stress in the Geriatric Population

• Older adults often carry longstanding unhealthy coping mechanisms.

• Importance of establishing healthy coping strategies early in life.

• Perception of mental health issues varies with age; older generations may not talk openly about stress or mental health challenges.

Sources of Stress

• Stressors can be categorized as:

  • External Physical Threats: Immediate dangers like wildlife encounters.

  • Internal Psychological Threats: Anxiety, negative thoughts, or paranoia.

  • External Social Threats: Bullying or discrimination experiences.

Types of Stress

• Acute Stress: Short-term stress responses (e.g., upcoming exams).

• Chronic Stress: Ongoing stressors, e.g., financial or relationship issues.

• Episodic Stress: Frequent recurring stress events, like class deadlines.

• Each student experiences unique stress based on their situations.

The Impact of Stress

• Stressed individuals often experience a variety of symptoms:

  • Physical Symptoms: Fatigue, headaches, upset stomach, muscle tension.

  • Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty concentrating, memory issues, irritability.

  • Behavioral Symptoms: Withdrawal, compulsive behaviors, heightened anxiety.

Effect on Various Systems

• Cardiovascular: Increased heart rate and blood pressure.

• Endocrine: Elevated cortisol levels impacting metabolism.

• Respiratory: Increased breathing rates, potential hyperventilation.

• Musculoskeletal: Increased tension preparing for 'fight or flight'.

• Gastrointestinal: Symptoms such as IBS exacerbated by stress.

• Immune System: Chronic stress can lead to a weaker immune response.

Healthy Stress Management

• Essential to establish effective coping strategies before experiencing high stress.

• Interventions could include:

  • Relaxation techniques: Deep breathing, guided imagery.

  • Comfort measures: Warm blankets, aromatherapy.

  • Physical Activity: Incorporating movement can relieve stress.

  • Social Support: Encouraging interaction and communication with others.

Mental and Emotional Responses

• Common feelings during high-stress periods:

  • General unhappiness, mood swings, feelings of loneliness.

  • Increased anxiety levels and feelings of overwhelm.

• Effective support involves recognizing signs of stress and addressing emotional needs.

Conclusion

• The importance of perspective cannot be overstated; focusing on positive aspects can lead to improved coping.

• Stress is an inevitable part of life, but with the right strategies, it can be managed effectively.