Stigma Management Among Street Criminals
- Minimal Guilt: Street criminals often experience little to no guilt regarding their actions.
- Financial Necessity: A significant influence on their criminal behavior is the urgent need for money.
- Neutralization Techniques: These individuals engage in neutralization strategies that allow them to justify their criminal activities.
- Accompanied Guilt: Despite the neutralization, guilt tends to accompany the harm they inflict on others.
Current Construction of White-Collar Crime (1 of 2)
- Types of White-Collar Crime:
- Investment Scams: For example, Ponzi schemes where funds from new investors are used to pay returns to earlier investors.
- Insurance Fraud: Deceptive practices in order to claim benefits not entitled.
- Tax Evasion: Illegally avoiding paying taxes owed to authorities.
- Environmental Crimes: Offenses against regulations that protect the environment, leading to ecological harm.
- Reference: Information discussed comes from "Deviance: Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries 2e, 2024 SAGE Publishing."
Current Construction of White-Collar Crime (2 of 2)
- Statistical Black Box:
- Fragmented Efforts: There are often disjointed initiatives in studying and addressing white-collar crime.
- Journalistic and Legislative Investigations: Various investigative works by journalists and legislative bodies aim to expose such crimes.
- Lack of Centralized Data: There is no comprehensive data repository for white-collar crime, complicating research and response efforts.
- Reference: Information discussed comes from "Deviance: Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries 2e, 2024 SAGE Publishing."
Challenges in Researching White-Collar Crime (1 of 2)
- Counting Occupational Crime:
- Visibility Issues: Occupational crimes are often hard to detect and quantify due to their nature of taking place in business settings rather than visible street crime.
- Safeguards for Elites: Systems are in place that protect high-status individuals from being scrutinized to the same degree as lower-status offenders.
- Securities Fraud: This type of fraud is prevalent and integral to the functioning of financial markets but is difficult to track and enforce.
- Economic Impact: It is estimated that white-collar crime costs the economy approximately 250 ext{ billion per year}.
- Reference: Information discussed comes from "Deviance: Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries 2e, © 2024 SAGE Publishing."
Contemporary Responses to Street-Level Property Crime (1 of 2)
- Crime Trends: There has been a noted decrease in property crime over the last 30 years.
- Demographic Shifts: An older population may lead to a decrease in crime rates as older individuals are less likely to engage in criminal activities.
- Cashless Society: The transition to a cashless economy is impacting street-level crime dynamics, as cash transactions are often targeted by criminals.
- The Broken Windows Theory: This theory posits that maintaining urban environments to prevent small crimes helps to deter larger criminal offenses.
- Reference: Information discussed comes from "Deviance: Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries 2e, 2024 SAGE Publishing."