Untitled Flashcards Set

The Church was threatened by the Renaissance, and secular ideas were spread by the printing press

A religious reform movement began in Germany, as people were tired of the Church’s political power and paying taxes to it

The leaders were corrupt, poorly educated, and often broke vows

Jon Wycliffe and Jan Hus of Bohemia, as well as Christian humanists taught that the Bible had more wisdom and authority than the Church leaders

Martin Luther, a monk, called out Johann Tetzel, a priest, for selling indulgences and convincing people that they could buy their way to heaven

Luther posted statements everywhere that were eventually printed, allowing him to be known all over Germany and beginning the reformation

His 3 ideas:

- People can win salvation by believing God will forgive them

-All teachings should be based on the Bible, not the Church or Pope

-Priests were uneccesary as everyone is equal

Pope Leo X excommunicated him for his statements

Emperor Charles V told everyone to neglect him, but the Prince disagreed and gave him shelter

During this time, he translated the New Testament into German

He and his followers became Lutherans, but peasants disliked him 

Protestant became a term for people belonging to non-Catholic church

Charles V went to war against Protestant princes, but eventually called every prince to Ausburg to make an agreement that they would all choose the religion of their state called the “Peace of Ausburg”

Henry VIII became king of England and wrote an attack on Luther’s

Ideas, given the title “Defender of

the Faith” by the pope

 He and his wife, Catherine of Aragon, had a daughter, Mary

He wanted to divorce a younger queen, but the Pope did not “annul” or excuse his marriage 

He asked the Parliament to end the pope’s power, called the “Reformation Parliament”

He secretly married Anne Boleyn before his divorce was legalized, and the Parliament approved the Act of Supremacy, allowing him to be recognized as the head of the Church instead of the pope

Thomas More refused to recognize him as the pope and was arrested

Anne gave birth to a female heir, Elizabeth, when Henry wanted a male

Anne was imprisoned and beheaded

Henry married Jane Seymour, who died shortly after having a son

He married three more times, and his children ruled England in succession

Edward VI became king at nine, with Protestant advisers who implemented reforms

Catherine of Aragon attempted to restore the authority of the pope, but faced strong opposition from Protestants

Elizabeth I wanted to return England to Protestantism, so Parliament established the Anglican Church with her as head, becoming the only legal Church

She made changes to the Church, like allowing priests to marry and conducting sermons in English

Protestants wanted her reform to be less Catholic friendly, and Catholics wanted another ruler

Tensions began with Spain, and Elizabeth struggled financially