PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP - This is the type of relationship which is closely associated with a person and which can only have meaning to this person. Privacy and intimacy are two characteristics that define personal relationship.

TEENAGE RELATIONSHIP - Your relationship during this stage is pretty much different from what you had when you were still a child, when you focused on lay activities and had few close friends. Four basic types of relationships that teenagers engage in:

PARENTS AND FAMILY - Your family, including parents and siblings, plays a crucial role in your life. The way you connect with them can influence your future romantic relationships.

FRIENDSHIP AND PEERS - Good friends offer strong support, giving you a sense of belonging and security.

ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP - Romance involves a pleasurable feeling that comes from being attracted to someone.

CASUAL RELATIONSHIP - A casual relationship is one that doesn't involve deep commitment or seriousness.

ATTRACTION - Interpersonal attraction is what makes people like each other. It’s a positive feeling that brings people together and can show up as liking, friendship, infatuation, or love. There are three main types of attraction: having a crush, hero worship, and courtship.

CRUSH -  E. Hurlock describes a crush as a young person's strong feeling of love or admiration for someone older, whether it's someone of the same sex or the opposite sex.

IDENTITY CRUSH - It is formed when an adolescent finds someone he/she admires, wants to imitate, or wishes to follow as his/her leader.

ROMANTIC CRUSH - It is formed when an adolescent finds someone as attractive and feels the desire to be around or spend a lot of time with him/her.

Hero Worship - This type of attraction is similar to a crush but is different because there is no personal contact with the person being admired. It’s like having a "celebrity crush," where you feel strong admiration for someone you don't know personally and love them from a distance.

Courtship - This phase in a romantic relationship happens before engagement and marriage. It’s the time when partners get to know each other better. During this period, they decide if they want to take their relationship to the next level.

STAGES OF COURTSHIP

DATING - This is a process which offers opportunity for an individual to know more about another person and have a friendly association or enjoyable time with him/her.

SELECTIVE STAGE - After dating, a person decides whether to continue ‘seeing’ a certain individual who will be his or her “steady,” that is, the person with whom he/she wants to have a romantic relationship.

PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS - The appreciation of beauty may vary depending on the eyes of the beholder. It is personal preference measured based on different standards.

PHYSICAL PROXIMITY - Geographical location such as place of residence, school, or work significantly affects interpersonal attraction.

SIMILARITY - People appreciate those similarity to them in terms of opinions, interests, personality, and background.

RECIPROCAL LIKING - People have a strong tendency to like those who like them as well.

FAMILIARITY - As people get familiar with each other, they feel more comfortable with each other and the level of liking becomes higher.

ACCORDING TO ARON AND ARON (1991), IS A SET OF “THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND ACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A DESIRE TO ENTER OR MAINTAIN A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH A SPECIFIC PERSON.”

FOUR TYPES OF LOVE ACCORDING TO ANCIENT GREEKS:

- Philia is love between friends. Philia connotes friendship.

- Eros is the sense of being in love.

- Storge is affectionate love for the family. It is love that is shared naturally.

- Agape is unconditional love

ROBERT STERNBERG - A PSYCHOLOGIST, DEVELOPED THE TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE, WHICH ENCOMPASSES THE HUMAN EXPERIENCES OF LOVE.

STERNBERGS TRIANGLE CONSIST OF THREE MAIN:

COMMITMENT, INTIMACY , AND PASSION

COMMITMENT - refers to one’s willingness to stay with a certain person.

INTIMACY - refers to how connected, bonded, and close one is to someone.

PASSION - relates to one’s attraction to a person in a romantic and erotic sense.

SEVEN TYPES OF LOVE

Liking -This is described as having extreme closeness without obligation or promise.

Companionate Love - This is how individuals regard their family members. Closeness and devotion are existent, but there is no sexual passion. More commitment is demonstrated compared with plain camaraderie.

Empty Love - Here, obligation is present, hut there is neither desire nor closeness. One example is the relationship maintained by couples living under the same roof for family reasons, but leading separate lives.

Fatuous Love - Intimacy is what characterizes fatuous love. There is obligation and craving, but no closeness. This is what happens when a couple falls in love and hastily enters marriage without much intimacy or friendship.

Infatuation - What others say as “love at first sight” is what infatuation is all about. This refers to desire without closeness or obligation. This feeling is very fleeting.

Romantic love - Romantic love comprises a short-lived severe feeling and association but may disappear if a meaningful emotional relationship is not sustained because of lack of obligation.

Consummate love - Refers as the “perfect” type of love situated at the middle of the triangle. This is where intimacy, commitment, and passion are balanced and uniformly fervent.

COMMITMENT -  IN A RELATIONSHIP IS A PROMISE, PLEDGE, OR DECISION TO STICK BY EACH OTHER THROUGH THE UPS AND DOWNS OF THE RELATIONSHIP.

COMMITMENT - IS ABOUT WANTING AND DECIDING TO STAY TOGETHER AS A COUPLE FUTURE – DESPITE TWISTS AND TURNS THAT LIFE ENCOUNTERS.

Commitment as an attraction or the “want to” aspect.

• A person becomes committed to someone because of what the relationship gives to him or her. The relationship may be a source of satisfaction and happiness.

Commitment as a moral obligation or the “ought to” aspect.

• The decision to stay in a relationship, even if it is no longer satisfying, is because of its being an oath or a duty.

Commitment as a constraint or the “have to” aspect.

• Many people decide to stay in a relationship or a marriage because getting out of it will involve risks and consequences. Considerations may include finances, children’s welfare, and reputation or career.

FAMILY

• a group of individuals living under one roof and usually under one head. 

• two or more persons who share resources, share responsibility for decisions, share values and goals, and have a commitment to each other over time.

NUCLEAR FAMILY

• the traditional type of family structure. It is composed of father, mother, and children.

EXTENDED FAMILY

• this structure consists of a network of related families living together, sometimes in a compound which serves as home. They may include cousins, aunts or uncles, and grandparents living together.

GRANDPARENT FAMILY

• grandparents take over parental responsibility in raising their grandchildren for a variety of reasons. This could be due to the parents’ death, addiction, abandonment, or inability (physical, financial, mental).

SINGLE - PARENT FAMILY

• this consists of one of the parents assuming sole and full responsibility in raising the children. Often, it is the mother who takes over this task, but sometimes there are single fathers as well.

CHILDLESS FAMILY

• Sometimes there are couples who, by choice or otherwise, decide not to have children.

THE FOUR MAJOR PARENTING STYLES ( DIANA BAUMRIND)

Authoritarian parenting

• emphasizes blind obedience, stern discipline, and controlling children through punishments which may include the withdrawal of parental affection.

Permissive parenting

• characterized by emotional warmth and a reluctance to enforce rules.

Authoritative parenting

• a balanced approach wherein parents expect children to live up to certain behavioral standards, but also encourage their children to think for themselves and to develop a sense of autonomy.

Uninvolved parents

• similar to permissive parents in their reluctance/failure to define and implement standards. But unlike permissive parents, uninvolved parents are not nurturing and warm. They provide kids with their basic needs but not the emotional support they need.

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

• is the influence of the society that results in behavior or attitude modification of an individual. It happens when one’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others.

TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Conformity – Adjusting behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group without direct pressure.

Compliance – Following a request or demand, often due to a desire for acceptance.

Obedience – Following direct orders from an authority figure.

Conversion – A deep, genuine change in beliefs or behaviors to align with a group.

Minority Influence – When a smaller group changes the views or behaviors of a larger group.

Reactance – A strong resistance or refusal to conform.

Persuasion – Using reason or emotion to influence beliefs, attitudes, or actions.

GROUP LEADERSHIP

• is the “process of providing focus and direction to a specific group of people”. This kind of leadership includes facilitation and guidance of the people in the group.

FOLLOWERSHIP

• is the function of the members in a group or organization and regarded as the counterpart of leadership. Some of the roles of followers are to take orders from the leaders and work hand in hand with them for the achievement of goals.

Trait Theory - defines leadership based on certain personality traits believed to make a person an effective leader.

Key Traits - Decisiveness, persistence, high self-confidence, assertiveness.

Behavioral Theory - presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, based on specific actions or behaviors that leaders exhibit.

Participative Theory - describes leaders who involve team members in decision-making, valuing their input to reach a common decision.

Situational Theory- proposes that effective leadership varies depending on the situation and considers the behavior of followers.

Transactional Theory- emphasizes a give-and-take relationship between leader and followers, often through rewards and punishments.

Transformational Theory- involves leaders who create and communicate a vision that inspires followers to work towards achieving it.

Trait Theory: Focus on inherent traits.

• Behavioral Theory: Leadership as learned behavior.

• Participative Theory: Collaborative decision-making.

• Situational Theory: Flexible approach based on context.

• Transactional Theory: Leadership as an exchange.

• Transformational Theory: Vision-driven and motivational.

Family

   1. Father

•recognized as the breadwinner

•expected to be the leader and;

•authority figure in the family.

   2. Mother

        •primary role is to take care of and nurture her husband and children in the house.

3. Children

• They are basically expected to perform tasks at home. They are also expected to go to school, graduate and help their siblings. Children may be engaged in varied roles especially adolescents like you who may be involved with either community or school organizations and many more.

Community

1. Church leaders. They are expected to lead the faith and the entire congregation in church services and other outreach and faith- related activities.

2. Government officials. They are expected to perform their roles and responsibilities and abide by the code of ethics for government service.

 3. Professionals (teachers, bankers, doctors, lawyers, engineers, IT practitioners, etc.). Professionals have their own specific roles and functions in the community defined by their training in school, internship, and professions. Some of these professions require licensing to establish full authority, trust, and credibility in their respective fields of work.

4. Skilled workers (mechanics, craftsmen, electricians, bakers, etc.). They are highly needed in the community since their respective specialized skills are exclusive. They gain more authority and credibility if they are licensed.

   5. Youth Leaders. They are expected to lead young people and initiate activities that may motivate and drive young people to be productive in society.

   6. Youth organization members. Being members of youth organizations, young people are expected to follow their leaders.