PSYC1101 Ch. 13

criteria for disorders:

violate social norms
- deviance: behaviors go against norms (not always indicator of disorder)
- culture bound sydromes: disorders found in particular cultures
causes distresss/subjective discomfort
- emotional distress/pain
cause dysfunctional/maladaptive
- doesn’t allow person to fit into sociaty/function normally
- if 2+ criteria are met, may be judged as having psychological disorder

Medical model: concept that diseases, mental disorders have physical causes and can be treated and cured

psychodynamic model: unconscious mental processes responsible for abnormalities, treatment focuses on identifying root cause of conflict

biopsychosocial model: abnormal behavior sen as result of interacting forces of bio, mental, social, and cultural influences

social cognitive model: behavior determined by combos of environment, behavior, and variables that are mostly cognitive

diathesis-stress model: combo of biological predisposition and exposure to stress

DSM-5-TR: diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders

anxiety disorders: class of disorders marked by feeling of excessive inrealisirc apprehension and anxiety (free-floating anxiety)

generalized: disorder where person os always fearful, tense, and in state of autonomic nervous system arousal (sympathetic)
- chronic, high level of anxiety not tied to anything
- feelings of threat/impending doom
panic disorder: panic attacks frequently enough to cause worry of next/another
- panic attack: sudden onset of intese panic where symptoms of stress occur
phobias: irrational fear of obhect/situations
- social phobias: fear of social interactions
- specific phovias: fear of specific situations/objects
- agoraphobia: fear of public spaces that are hard to escape
OCD: persistent, uncontrollable thoughts and urges to engage in slensless rituals
- obsessions: persistent, recurring irrational thouhts/impulses
- compulsions: irresistible impulses to perform over and over some senseless behaviors/rituals
PTSD: exprosre to major stressor, symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, concentration problems, and reliving event lasting months/years
somatic symptom disorders: where psymtoms take somatic form w/o apparent physical cause (not malingering)
- hypochorniasis: excessive preoccupation with health and worry about illnesses

Substance abuse:

psychoactive drugs: drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory
substance use disorder: characterized by continued substance craving an use despite significant life disruption/physical risk

dependence and tolerance:

physical dependence: when body becomes unable to function normally w/o particular drug
- withdrawal: physical symptoms resulting from lack of an addictive substance in body
psychological dependence: feeling drug is needed to continue feeling of emotional/psychological well-being
drug tolerance: habituation to drug that increase overtime

Alcohol: depressant that causes relaxed state, increases self esteem, and impairs judgment/memory

alcoholism: alcohol abuse marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue despite being aware of the problem

Opiates: opium-related drugs that depress mental-activities, surpress pain.