Drug Ed Final Study

xh4

T/F: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are similar in that they are found throughout the brain and are primarily inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Item

9

Item 9

Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each

Multiple Choice

• action potential

• homeostasis.

• metabolism.

• transporter.

Item

8

Item 8

Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on

Multiple Choice

• blood sugar level.

• the type of receptor.

• the rate of synthesis.

• enzyme actions.

Item

7

Item 7

Which of the following is the function of the blood-brain barrier created by glia in the brain?

Multiple Choice

• It is an important link between the brain and the hormonal output of the pituitary gland.

• It opens the bronchi, reduces blood supply to the skin, increases the heart rate, and reduces stomach motility.

• It regulates the visceral, or involuntary, functions of the body, such as heart rate and blood pressure.

• Protects from potential toxins

Item

6

Item 6

The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

Item

5

Item 5

The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is _________

blank

.

Multiple Choice

• serotonin

• dopamine

• norepinephrine

• γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Item

4

Item 4

Action potential refers to the chemical reaction that occurs when neurotransmitters that allow neurons to communicate with each other are released.

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

Item

3

Item 3

_________

blank

 are endogenous morphine-like chemicals that occur naturally in the brain and are known to play an important role in relieving pain.

Multiple Choice

• Amphetamines

• Endocannabinoids

• Endorphins

• Monoamines

Item

2

Item 2

_________

blank

 results from a loss of myelin wrappings.

Multiple Choice

• Parkinson's disease

• Multiple sclerosis

• Schizophrenia

• Alzheimer's disease

Item

1

Item 1

Which of the following systems in the human brain tends to act more as a unit and is responsible for opening the bronchi, reducing blood supply to the skin, increasing the heart rate, and reducing stomach motility?

Multiple Choice

• the lymphatic system

• the sympathetic system

• the limbic system

• the enteric nervous system

Xh5

1

Item 1

The therapeutic index (TI) should always be lesser than 1 because the lethal dose should be larger than the effective dose.

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

2

Item 2

For many psychoactive drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drug's vapors.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

3

Item 3

Identify a true statement about the chemical names of drugs.

Multiple Choice

• They are the official names of drugs as listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).

• They can be trademarked by a drug manufacturer.

• They are controlled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

• They are used in laboratory settings when a new drug is being developed and tested.

4

Item 4

The group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants includes

Multiple Choice

• cocaine.

• Prozac.

• lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).

• heroin.

5

Item 5

The potency of a drug is defined in terms of

Multiple Choice

• the magnitude of the effect it produces.

• its dependence potential.

• whether it has a detectable odor.

• the amount required to produce an effect.

6

Item 6

Which of the following statements is true of the potency of a drug?

Multiple Choice

• The smaller the amount needed to get a particular effect, the more potent the drug.

• Potency strongly relates to how effective a drug is or to how large an effect the drug can produce.

• Potency refers to the relative lethal dose of a drug, especially the cannabinoids and the opioids.

• The ED50 (the effective dose for 50 percent of the animals) of a potent drug is higher than the ED50 of a less potent drug.

7

Item 7

The time course of a drug's action depends on

Multiple Choice

• how the drug is administered.

• how rapidly the drug is absorbed.

• how the drug is eliminated from the body.

• All of the above

8

Item 8

The threshold on a dose-response curve is the 

Multiple Choice

• point at which the dose of a drug causes maximal response.

• lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of a drug.

• safe effective dose of a drug.

• therapeutic index of a drug.

9

Item 9

The effects of a drug that depend on the presence of a chemical at certain concentrations in a target tissue are called _________

blank

.

Multiple Choice

• placebo effects

• observer effects

• specific effects

• nocebo effects

10

Item 10

The _________

blank

 of a drug specifies a particular formulation and manufacturer, and the trademark belongs to that manufacturer.

Multiple Choice

• preferred name

• generic name

• brand name

• U1

1

Time Remaining 3 hours 37 minutes 23 seconds

03:37:23

Item 1

Time Remaining 3 hours 37 minutes 23 seconds

03:37:23

In one study, adolescents who smoked cigarettes were about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana. For this reason, cigarettes have been referred to as

Multiple Choice

• addicting.

• a gateway substance.

• toxic.

2

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 58 seconds

03:36:58

Item 2

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 58 seconds

03:36:58

One of the most important risk factors for drug use is

Multiple Choice

• having friends who use marijuana or other substances.

• being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.

• having lots of money.

• believing that your parents are a source of social support.

3

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 38 seconds

03:36:38

Item 3

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 38 seconds

03:36:38

_________

blank

 means that, everything else being equal, each time one takes the drug one increases slightly the probability that he or she will take it again.

Multiple Choice

• Reinforcement

• Altered perception

• Deviant drug use

4

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 30 seconds

03:36:30

Item 4

Time Remaining 3 hours 36 minutes 30 seconds

03:36:30

Compared to young adults who finished high school only, those with college degrees

Multiple Choice

• are more likely to use cocaine.

• are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco.

5

Time Remaining 3 hours 34 minutes 55 seconds

03:34:55

Item 5

Time Remaining 3 hours 34 minutes 55 seconds

03:34:55

Which of the following statements is true of the relationships between substance use and various indicators of individual differences in personality variables?

Multiple Choice

• Large-scale survey studies of substance use in the general population have strong correlations with most traditional personality traits.

• Correlational studies of long-term substance use among young adults have shown a strong link between poor academic performances and substance use.

• Various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population.

• Personality factors play a big role in whether someone decides to try alcohol or marijuana but a small role in

• 6

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 33 minutes 44 seconds

• 03:33:44

• Item 6

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 33 minutes 44 seconds

• 03:33:44

• A correlate is a variable that is statistically related to another variable.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

7

Time Remaining 3 hours 33 minutes 14 seconds

03:33:14

Item 7

Time Remaining 3 hours 33 minutes 14 seconds

03:33:14

According to the Monitoring the Future Project at the University of Michigan, which of the following drugs is least reported to be ever used by college students?

Multiple Choice

• cocaine

• amphetamines

• heroin

• hallucinogens

8

Time Remaining 3 hours 32 minutes 20 seconds

03:32:20

Item 8

Time Remaining 3 hours 32 minutes 20 seconds

03:32:20

In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for

Multiple Choice

• illicit drug markets.

• our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.

• many dangerous drug interactions.

• the "war on drugs."

• 9

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 32 minutes 10 seconds

• 03:32:10

• Item 9

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 32 minutes 10 seconds

• 03:32:10

• According to the text, the word "addiction" is a controversial term that has different meanings for different people.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

12

Time Remaining 3 hours 30 minutes 39 seconds

03:30:39

Item 12

Time Remaining 3 hours 30 minutes 39 seconds

03:30:39

In the context of substance use, _________

blank

 is defined as a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

Multiple Choice

• tolerance

• reinforcement

• antecedence

• idealization

• Xh6

10

Item 10

One of the more disturbing side effects of treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with amphetamines or methylphenidate (Ritalin) is

Multiple Choice

• the high rate of drug dependence that develops.

• decreased height and weight gains in children.

• increased numbers of suicide attempts.

• liver dysfunction.

• 9

• Item 9

• Sigmund Freud was always opposed to the use of cocaine for treating psychiatric conditions.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• Group ends

• 8

• Item 8

• Amphetamines decrease the activity of monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) in the human body.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

7

Item 7

Which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression?

Multiple Choice

• Amphetamines are never used because of their abuse potential.

• Amphetamines are used mostly as an adjunctive therapy.

• Amphetamines are more widely used than newer antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

• Amphetamines are rarely used because they take too long to produce positive effects.

6

Item 6

Studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines have focused mainly on

Multiple Choice

• serotonin and the endorphins.

• gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate.

• nicotinic receptors.

• release of norepinephrine and dopamine.

• 5

• Item 5

• Studies show that blacks are just as likely as whites to be arrested for violating crack cocaine laws.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• Group ends

4

Item 4

What is cocaine still used for medically?

Multiple Choice

• It is prescribed for weight loss.

• It is used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries.

• It is used as a local anesthetic for dental surgeries.

• Cocaine has no medical uses currently.

3

Item 3

Identify a true statement about amphetamines during World War II.

Multiple Choice

• They became unavailable due to shortages of chemicals.

• They were used by the American military as a "truth serum" for interrogating prisoners.

• The Japanese produced a report in 1944 which stated that amphetamines can be used to postpone sleep.

• They were used by Germany to increase its soldiers' efficiency.

2

Item 2

What did the 1914 Harrison Act do?

Multiple Choice

• outlawed coca, cocaine, and opium

• taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium

• taxed possession of marijuana

• outlawed possession of heroin

• 1

• Item 1

• Crack cocaine is a very stable form of the drug also known as cocaine hydrochloride.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• Group ends

  Xh7

10

Item 10

The usual recreational dose of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) when taken alone is about

Multiple Choice

• 10-20 milligrams.

• 100 micrograms.

• 1-5 grams.

• 100-200 grams.

9

Item 9

Among the barbiturates, when prescribing a sleeping pill (hypnotic), physicians would usually choose a

Multiple Choice

• higher dose of a short-acting drug.

• lower dose of a long-acting drug.

• higher dose of a long-acting drug.

• lower dose of a short-acting drug.

• 8

• Item 8

• Drugs with a shorter duration of action leave the system quickly and are much more likely to produce withdrawal symptoms than are longer-acting drugs.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

7

Item 7

Two drugs that were introduced as being safer than the barbiturates, but in the long run proved to be not much safer, were

Multiple Choice

• fluoxetine and paroxetine.

• toluene and xylene.

• meprobamate and methaqualone.

• perphenazine and thiazine.

6

Item 6

Animal self-administration experiments and studies of drug choice among humans indicate that

Multiple Choice

• benzodiazepines have no dependence liability.

• rats and people are very different in the drugs they choose to self-administer.

• short-acting barbiturates are more likely to lead to dependence than any of the benzodiazepines.

• all of the benzodiazepines have high dependence liability.

5

Item 5

One of the oldest gaseous anesthetics, popularly known as "laughing gas," is

Multiple Choice

• butane.

• diazepam.

• pentobarbital.

• nitrous oxide.

• 4

• Item 4

• Ambien (zolpidem) is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

3

Item 3

_________

blank

 is still used in emergency medicine as a treatment for cyanide poisoning.

Multiple Choice

• Xanax

• Librium

• Amyl nitrite

• Nitrous oxide

2

Item 2

Which of the following criteria is used to classify barbiturates?

Multiple Choice

• duration of action

• price

• chemical structure

• strength of hypnotic effect

• 1

• Item 1

• Paraldehyde is a CNS depressant that is currently available in several over-the-counter medications.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• Group ends

Xh8

10

Item 10

Many of the new atypical antipsychotics are known to cause

Multiple Choice

• liver disorders.

• manic episodes.

• significant weight gain and metabolic changes.

• very few side effects.

9

Item 9

A person suffering from a chronic (long-lasting) psychotic condition for which there is no known cause will probably receive the diagnosis of _________

blank

.

Multiple Choice

• agoraphobia

• schizophrenia

• bipolar disorder

• anorexia nervosa

8

Item 8

People taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression must avoid

Multiple Choice

• exposure to strong sunlight.

• foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses.

• strenuous exercise.

• grapefruit juice.

7

Item 7

Tricyclics treat depressive symptoms by

Multiple Choice

• decreasing monoamine neurotransmitters in the synapse by inhibiting metabolism.

• increasing monoamine neurotransmitters in the synapse by inhibiting metabolism.

• decreasing monoamine neurotransmitters in the synapse by blocking reuptake.

• increasing monoamine neurotransmitters in the synapse by blocking reuptake.

6

Item 6

_________

blank

 is defined as an anxiety disorder that is marked by fear or anxiety about two or more of these situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in shops or theaters, standing in line, or being outside of the home alone.

Multiple Choice

• Agoraphobia

• Social anxiety disorder

• Panic disorder

• Specific phobia

5

Item 5

_________

blank

 is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and its suppression results in increased availability of these neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Multiple Choice

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

• Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

• Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) acid

• Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor

4

Item 4

Several studies have now found an increased risk of both weight gain and metabolic changes combined with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems in children treated with atypical antipsychotics.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

3

Item 3

A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

2

Item 2

What is the average lag period for antidepressants to begin to be effective?

Multiple Choice

• 1 day

• 2 weeks

• 4 weeks

• 6 weeks

1

Item 1

One side effect common with the older antipsychotics, but less common with the newer ones, is

Multiple Choice

• pseudoparkinsonism.

• positive symptoms.

• a lag period.

• monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition.

Xh9

10

Time Remaining 50 minutes 36 seconds

00:50:36

Item 10

Time Remaining 50 minutes 36 seconds

00:50:36

The first step of alcohol metabolism involves the conversion of alcohol into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

9

Time Remaining 50 minutes 19 seconds

00:50:19

Item 9

Time Remaining 50 minutes 19 seconds

00:50:19

In most commercial beers sold in the United States, the alcohol content is about

Multiple Choice

• 80 percent.

• 20 percent.

• 8 percent.

• 4 percent.

8

Time Remaining 50 minutes 12 seconds

00:50:12

Item 8

Time Remaining 50 minutes 12 seconds

00:50:12

A lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is required to impair the performance of a chronic, heavy drinker than to impair the performance of a moderate drinker.

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

7

Time Remaining 50 minutes 6 seconds

00:50:06

Item 7

Time Remaining 50 minutes 6 seconds

00:50:06

Benjamin Rush, a physician who also signed the Declaration of Independence, was the first to

Multiple Choice

• produce bourbon whiskey.

• refer to alcohol addiction as a disease.

• recommend brandy after meals to aid digestion.

• suggest that red wine reduces the risk of heart attacks.

6

Time Remaining 50 minutes

00:50:00

Item 6

Time Remaining 50 minutes

00:50:00

Despite changes in alcohol-related laws and rules, rates of binge drinking and driving after drinking among college students have substantially increased in recent years.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

6

Time Remaining 49 minutes 56 seconds

00:49:56

Item 6

Time Remaining 49 minutes 56 seconds

00:49:56

Despite changes in alcohol-related laws and rules, rates of binge drinking and driving after drinking among college students have substantially increased in recent years.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

5

Time Remaining 49 minutes 51 seconds

00:49:51

Item 5

Time Remaining 49 minutes 51 seconds

00:49:51

Tremors, hallucinations, delusions, and seizures are all symptoms associated with

Multiple Choice

• cirrhosis of the liver.

• alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

• Korsakoff's psychosis.

• alcohol overdose.

4

Time Remaining 49 minutes 46 seconds

00:49:46

Item 4

Time Remaining 49 minutes 46 seconds

00:49:46

Cirrhosis of the liver can result from drinking alcohol

Multiple Choice

• within a few weeks.

• in small amounts over several years.

• containing higher amounts of congeners.

• in large amounts (the equivalent of a pint of whiskey a day) for ten years or more.

3

Time Remaining 49 minutes 42 seconds

00:49:42

Item 3

Time Remaining 49 minutes 42 seconds

00:49:42

In a typical person, intoxication to the point of staggering and greatly impaired sensory perception occurs at about what blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?

Multiple Choice

• 0.05 percent

• 0.10 percent

• 0.25 percent

• 0.40 percent

2

Time Remaining 49 minutes 37 seconds

00:49:37

Item 2

Time Remaining 49 minutes 37 seconds

00:49:37

Alcohol distributes evenly into fatty tissues, so a 180-pound lean person will have a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC) than a 180-pound fat person who drinks the same amount of alcohol.

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

1

Time Remaining 49 minutes 31 seconds

00:49:31

Item 1

Time Remaining 49 minutes 31 seconds

00:49:31

Heavy drinkers with Wernicke's disease (vitamin B1 deficiency) also usually exhibit memory deficits and other mental problems associated with

Multiple Choice

• Korsakoff's psychosis.

• bipolar disorder.

• Parkinson's disease.

• alcohol myopia.

Xh 10

0

Time Remaining 1 hour 42 minutes 18 seconds

01:42:18

Item 10

Time Remaining 1 hour 42 minutes 18 seconds

01:42:18

One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is _________

blank

 of infants. 

Multiple Choice

• low birth weight

• mental retardation

• abnormal facial features

9

Time Remaining 1 hour 40 minutes 58 seconds

01:40:58

Item 9

Time Remaining 1 hour 40 minutes 58 seconds

01:40:58

The major commercial species of tobacco is Nicotiana tobacum. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

8

Time Remaining 1 hour 39 minutes 37 seconds

01:39:37

Item 8

Time Remaining 1 hour 39 minutes 37 seconds

01:39:37

In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act 

Multiple Choice

• approved the marketing of "safer" cigarettes.

• authorized the FDA to regulate tobacco products in specific ways.

• approved novelty products, such as candy-flavored cigarettes.

• was repealed by the U.S. legislature.

7

Time Remaining 1 hour 38 minutes 44 seconds

01:38:44

Item 7

Time Remaining 1 hour 38 minutes 44 seconds

01:38:44

_________

blank

 is defined as a chronic lung disease caused by cigarette smoking and is characterized by difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath. 

Multiple Choice

• Emphysema

• Bronchitis

• Bronchiectasis

• Pneumonia

6

Time Remaining 1 hour 37 minutes 13 seconds

01:37:13

Item 6

Time Remaining 1 hour 37 minutes 13 seconds

01:37:13

Snuff and chewing tobacco do contain potent carcinogens, including high levels of _________

blank

. 

Multiple Choice

• anthracene

• tobacco-specific nitrosamines

• tobacco-specific dibenzodioxins

• phenanthrene

5

Time Remaining 1 hour 36 minutes 5 seconds

01:36:05

Item 5

Time Remaining 1 hour 36 minutes 5 seconds

01:36:05

The most common type of oral smokeless tobacco in the United States is _________

blank

, and a small pinch is dipped out of the can and placed beside the gum, often behind the lower lip. 

Multiple Choice

• moist snuff

• snus

• plug

4

Time Remaining 1 hour 35 minutes 50 seconds

01:35:50

Item 4

Time Remaining 1 hour 35 minutes 50 seconds

01:35:50

The most popular form of tobacco use in America before 1900 was cigar smoking. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

3

Time Remaining 1 hour 34 minutes 50 seconds

01:34:50

Item 3

Time Remaining 1 hour 34 minutes 50 seconds

01:34:50

Over 90 percent of all U.S. cigarettes sold are now 

Multiple Choice

• filter cigarettes.

• low-tar brands.

• menthol flavored.

• made outside the U.S.

2

Time Remaining 1 hour 33 minutes 1 second

01:33:01

Item 2

Time Remaining 1 hour 33 minutes 1 second

01:33:01

Nicotine acts in the brain by 

Multiple Choice

• increasing serotonin reuptake.

• enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects.

• reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex.

• first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors.

1

Time Remaining 1 hour 31 minutes 30 seconds

01:31:30

Item 1

Time Remaining 1 hour 31 minutes 30 seconds

01:31:30

There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

Xh 11

10

Item 10

Most regular brewed teas have about how much caffeine per cup? 

Multiple Choice

• 150-170 mg (more than coffee)

• 40-60 mg (about half the amount in coffee)

• 10-15 mg

• None of the answers is correct.

9

Item 9

There are no consistent documented withdrawal symptoms from caffeine. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

8

Item 8

There is a strong relationship between the mood-elevating effect of caffeine and the extent to which it will keep an individual awake.

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

Group ends

7

Item 7

The xanthine found in tea that is prescribed for asthma is called robusta. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

6

Item 6

Caffeine works in the brain by 

Multiple Choice

• stimulating dopamine release.

• interfering with glutamate release.

• blocking serotonin receptors.

• blocking adenosine receptors.

5

Item 5

A 12 oz. Pepsi or Coke contains more caffeine than a Vivarin tablet. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

4

Item 4

The result of grinding the kernels of a cacao plant is a thick liquid called _________

blank

. 

Multiple Choice

• chocolate liquor

• couverture chocolate

• compound chocolate

• candy clay

3

Item 3

One important determinant of the behavioral effects of caffeine is 

Multiple Choice

• whether it is consumed in a pill or as coffee.

• whether the person is a regular user.

• the temperature of the beverage (hot or cold).

• the acidity of the coffee.

2

Item 2

Identify a true statement about the history of tea. 

Multiple Choice

• The origin of tea can be traced back to Ethiopia.

• Drinking tea was associated with loyalty to the British Crown.

• Tea was first brought to Europe by the British East India Company.

• The Stamp Act of 1765 removed taxes on tea.

• 1

• Item 1

• A single species of tea bush is the basis for traditional green, black, and oolong tea.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

• Xh 12

10

Item 10

Which of the following ingredients is used for cold and sinus remedies? 

Multiple Choice

• Diphenhydramine

• Phenylephrine

• Dextromethorphan

• Caffeine

9

Item 9

Aspirin should not be given to children who have a viral infection because of increased risk of
 

Multiple Choice

• heart damage.

• kidney damage.

• spreading the infection.

• Reye's syndrome.

8

Item 8

Aspirin has analgesic and _________

blank

 actions. 

Multiple Choice

• antipyretic (reduces fever)

• coagulant (helps blood to clot)

• antihypertensive (lowers blood pressure)

• anesthetic

7

Item 7

Which of the following acronyms is used by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to mean that, given the currently available information, people who are informed and qualified would agree that an ingredient should be considered harmless? 

Multiple Choice

• ANDA ("abbreviated new drug application")

• GRAHL ("generally recognized as honestly labeled")

• BLA ("therapeutic biologics applications")

• GRAS ("generally recognized as safe")

6

Item 6

Which of the following is true about over-the-counter drugs? 

Multiple Choice

• They are classified as dietary supplements.

• They are derived from plant sources.

• They are self-prescribed and self-administered.

• They include prescription tablets, capsules, liquids, and creams.

5

Item 5

In 2008, the FDA issued a Public Health Advisory warning parents not to give OTC cough and cold products to children under 8 years of age.

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

4

Item 4

Cold viruses are usually transmitted 

Multiple Choice

• when you have become chilled.

• when someone sneezes near you.

• by hands picking up the viruses and touching your eyes or nose.

• through saliva.

3

Item 3

Which of the following statements is true of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994?

Multiple Choice

• It directed that statements should not indicate that a dietary supplement has a beneficial effect on some structure or function of the body, if the supplement cannot claim to be a cure or treatment for a disorder.

• It directed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remove ephedra products from the market.

• It redefined dietary supplements to include a variety of substances such as herbs, amino acids, and concentrates and extracts of herbs.

• It outlawed multi-level marketing schemes for sales of dietary supplements.

2

Item 2

Aspirin decreases bleeding time by aiding blood platelet aggregation. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

Group ends

1

Item 1

Many of the capsules, pills, and powders that look like drugs, and that consumers think of as drugs, are actually classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as 

Multiple Choice

• food products.

• industrial chemicals.

• organic medicines.

• placebos.

Xh 13

One of the major issues facing physicians today is that patients are not taking enough prescription opioids to manage their pain. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

2

Item 2

Naloxone and nalorphine are endogenous chemicals that have effects similar to morphine. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, selected

3

Item 3

In 1898, Bayer laboratories marketed diacetylmorphine tablets under the brand name 

Multiple Choice

• Darvon.

• Sublimaze.

• Demerol.

• Heroin.

4

Item 4

Withdrawal from opioid drugs is often fatal. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

, unselected

5

Item 5

Enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins are
 

Multiple Choice

• three types of opioid receptors found in the brain.

• three substances that have effects similar to morphine.

•  

• enzymes in the brain that convert morphine into its active form.

• three chemical classes of synthetic prescription opioids.

6

Item 6

Long-term exposure to opioid drugs 

Multiple Choice

• has not been scientifically proven to cause damage to any tissue or organ system.

• causes damage to the mesolimbic dopamine system.

• can weaken the heart.

• is a common cause of kidney disease.

7

Item 7

Naloxone, nalorphine, and naltrexone are examples of 

Multiple Choice

• NSAIDs.

• opioid antagonists.

• prescription opioids that are being misused and abused at increasing rates.

• fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos.

8

Item 8

Long-term use of opioid drugs has been clearly shown to damage both the liver and the brain. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, unselected

False

9

Item 9

Which of the following is true of the opioid fentanyl? 

Multiple Choice

• It is used primarily in conjunction with surgical anesthesia.

• It is found in the brain tissues and has potent psychoactive effects.

• It stimulates the brain area controlling nausea and vomiting.

• It makes the respiratory centers less responsive to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

10

Item 10

The two major active chemicals in opium are 

Multiple Choice

• morphine and codeine.

• heroin and cocaine.

• paregoric and laudanum.

• meperidine and oxycodone.

Xh 15

Time Remaining 3 hours 9 minutes 54 seconds

03:09:54

Item 1

Time Remaining 3 hours 9 minutes 54 seconds

03:09:54

Which of the following is true of the absorption, distribution, and elimination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the human body? 

Multiple Choice

• When smoked, THC is rapidly distributed first to the heart, and then it is absorbed into the blood and reaches the brain and rest of the body.

• When ingested, the peak mood-altering and cardiovascular effects occur before 40 to 60 minutes after ingesting.

• When smoked, the peak mood-altering and cardiovascular effects occur together, usually within 5 to 10 minutes.

• When ingested, THC is quickly and efficiently absorbed, and more than 30 percent reaches the brain within 10 minutes.

Time Remaining 3 hours 7 minutes 19 seconds

03:07:19

Item 2

Time Remaining 3 hours 7 minutes 19 seconds

03:07:19

Which of the following statements is true of the metabolism of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the human body? 

Multiple Choice

• The metabolites of THC are formed in the small intestine.

• About 25 to 30 percent of the THC and its metabolites remain in the body even after four weeks.

• The metabolites of THC have a half-life of 25 hours.

• THC has a half-life of about 19 hours in the human body.

3

Time Remaining 3 hours 5 minutes 41 seconds

03:05:41

Item 3

Time Remaining 3 hours 5 minutes 41 seconds

03:05:41

In 1985, the FDA approved the sale of dronabinol (Marinol), which 

Multiple Choice

• is a cannabis antagonist.

• is an effective treatment for cannabis dependence.

• is a capsule containing THC.

• reduces appetite.

• 4

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 4 minutes 48 seconds

• 03:04:48

• Item 4

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 4 minutes 48 seconds

• 03:04:48

• Cannabis sativa is grown primarily for its psychoactive resins.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• 5

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 2 minutes 14 seconds

• 03:02:14

• Item 5

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 2 minutes 14 seconds

• 03:02:14

• Although regular marijuana smokers often show a slowing of cognitive processing, evidence for negative acute cognitive effects is less dramatic than it is for infrequent users.
   

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

• 6

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 58 seconds

• 03:00:58

• Item 6

•  

• Time Remaining 3 hours 58 seconds

• 03:00:58

• The natural substance found in the body that has marijuana-like effects is called ayahuasca.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

7

Time Remaining 2 hours 59 minutes 58 seconds

02:59:58

Item 7

Time Remaining 2 hours 59 minutes 58 seconds

02:59:58

The most commonly used commercial method to extract delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from the Cannabis plant material is by 

Multiple Choice

• pouring vegetable oil on the plant materials and soaking them for 10 days.

• sieving powdered plant material along with an inorganic solvent through a filtered vessel.

• using liquid carbon dioxide to produce oils or other forms.

• squeezing the plant material using a pressing machine to extract oils.

Item

8

Time Remaining 2 hours 57 minutes 59 seconds

02:57:59

Item 8

Time Remaining 2 hours 57 minutes 59 seconds

02:57:59

In a study of heart rate changes following smoked marijuana with 4 percent THC or 20 mg oral THC, _________

Multiple Choice

• the heart rate increased much more after oral THC.

• the peak effects were similar, but smoking produced a faster onset of effects.

• smoked THC increased heart rate, but oral THC had no effect.

• Heart rates remained elevated for up to three days after smoking marijuana.

9

Time Remaining 2 hours 56 minutes 40 seconds

02:56:40

Item 9

Time Remaining 2 hours 56 minutes 40 seconds

02:56:40

Which of the following is a behavioral effect of marijuana on humans? 

Multiple Choice

• Verbal exchanges

• Nonverbal social interactions

• Nausea and vomiting

• Empathy

• 10

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 55 minutes 28 seconds

• 02:55:28

• Item 10

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 55 minutes 28 seconds

• 02:55:28

• The more rapidly a drug's effects are experienced, the more likely it will be abused. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

• Xh 14

• In a nondrug state, re-experiencing of one or more of the perceptual alterations that occurred during psychedelic intoxication is known as _________blank. 

• Multiple Choice

• synesthesia

• flashback

• confabulation

• hyperkinesia

• 2

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 32 minutes 30 seconds

• 02:32:30

• Item 2

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 32 minutes 30 seconds

• 02:32:30

• Anticholinergic drugs such as trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine (Cogentin) have extensively been abused for their delirium-producing properties.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

3

Time Remaining 2 hours 29 minutes 16 seconds

02:29:16

Item 3

Time Remaining 2 hours 29 minutes 16 seconds

02:29:16

The focus of early research on LSD centered on its
 

Multiple Choice

• supposed ability to treat rheumatism.

• ability to relieve pain.

• ability to reduce cravings for nicotine.

• supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.

4

Time Remaining 2 hours 27 minutes 39 seconds

02:27:39

Item 4

Time Remaining 2 hours 27 minutes 39 seconds

02:27:39

Which of the following most accurately describes recent psilocybin research? 

Multiple Choice

• The acute effects on mystical experiences

• The acute effects on synesthesia

• The chronic effects on panic reactions

• The chronic effects on liver function

• The psychedelic effects of psilocybin are quite different from those of LSD and the catechol psychedelic mescaline.

• Group startsTrue or False

• 7

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 23 minutes 28 seconds

• 02:23:28

• Item 7

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 23 minutes 28 seconds

• 02:23:28

• The U.S. military experimented with the use of LSD in the mid-twentieth century.
   

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , unselected

• 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine hydrochloride (PCP) was patented as Sernyl and first tested as 

• Multiple Choice

• a treatment for alcohol dependence.

• a calming agent for nervous pets.

• a dissociative anesthetic.

• an antidepressant.

Item

9

Time Remaining 2 hours 19 minutes 48 seconds

02:19:48

Item 9

Time Remaining 2 hours 19 minutes 48 seconds

02:19:48

Besides hallucinations, mescaline also produces 

Multiple Choice

• sedation and drowsiness.

• analgesia.

• hunger and thirst.

• pupil dilation and increased pulse rate and blood pressure.

Xh16

10

Time Remaining 2 hours 19 minutes 59 seconds

02:19:59

Item 10

Time Remaining 2 hours 19 minutes 59 seconds

02:19:59

According to Major League Baseball records of the number of ADHD exemptions granted to players, it would seem that the prevalence of ADHD in baseball is double the prevalence in the general population. 

Group starts

True or False

True

, selected

False

, unselected

9

Time Remaining 2 hours 18 minutes 23 seconds

02:18:23

Item 9

Time Remaining 2 hours 18 minutes 23 seconds

02:18:23

Jeffery is a national-level baseball player. He undergoes seven weeks of spring training and plays more than 150 games in 6 months in a year. This takes a toll on his energy level, and he starts using a performance-enhancing drug to increase alertness and to improve focus and attention. Which of the following drugs does Jeffery most likely use? 

Multiple Choice

• Benzodiazepine

• Amphetamine

• Steroid

• Barbiturate

8

Time Remaining 2 hours 15 minutes 59 seconds

02:15:59

Item 8

Time Remaining 2 hours 15 minutes 59 seconds

02:15:59

An American physician came back from the 1956 Olympic games after learning about the Soviets' use of a steroid drug and helped to develop and test _________

blank

 steroids. 

Multiple Choice

• short-acting

• untraceable

• anabolic

• psychoactive

• 7

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 15 minutes 19 seconds

• 02:15:19

• Item 7

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 15 minutes 19 seconds

• 02:15:19

• Mariani's Coca Wine, which was sold as "wine for athletes," was an early version of a cola drink containing large amounts of caffeine. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• Group ends

6

Time Remaining 2 hours 12 minutes 48 seconds

02:12:48

Item 6

Time Remaining 2 hours 12 minutes 48 seconds

02:12:48

In the 1800s, the French cycling team endorsed Mariani's "wine for athletes" that contained 

Multiple Choice

• testosterone.

• amphetamine.

• a trace of bull's blood.

• cocaine.

5

Time Remaining 2 hours 11 minutes 39 seconds

02:11:39

Item 5

Time Remaining 2 hours 11 minutes 39 seconds

02:11:39

Which of the following are true about erythropoietin (EPO)? 

Multiple Choice

• High doses of EPO administered chronically can cause the body to produce excessive amounts of red blood cells.

• EPO is released from the pituitary gland.

• There is no valid test currently available that can differentiate between endogenous and exogenous EPO.

• Users of EPO tend to gain weight rapidly.

4

Time Remaining 2 hours 8 minutes 31 seconds

02:08:31

Item 4

Time Remaining 2 hours 8 minutes 31 seconds

02:08:31

Laboratory studies of endurance performance have found that caffeine
 

Multiple Choice

• can significantly improve muscular endurance at doses of 350-400 mg.

• can double endurance at 80 mg, the amount in a can of Red Bull.

• does not appear to improve performance.

• does not work as well as it did in studies of marathon runners.

• 3

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 5 minutes 31 seconds

• 02:05:31

• Item 3

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 5 minutes 31 seconds

• 02:05:31

• Use of substances to enhance performance in athletic competition has been traced back to ancient Egyptians, early Greeks, and the Aztecs. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

2

Time Remaining 2 hours 4 minutes 13 seconds

02:04:13

Item 2

Time Remaining 2 hours 4 minutes 13 seconds

02:04:13

Which of the following are true about the features of cocaine? 

Multiple Choice

• Many controlled laboratory or field experiments have tested the performance-enhancing capabilities of cocaine.

•  

• Cocaine has a longer duration of action compared to amphetamines.

•  

• Cocaine’s stimulant properties are generally similar to those of the amphetamines.

• Scientific evidence has shown that cocaine produces androgenic effects in female athletes.

• 1

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 1 minute 31 seconds

• 02:01:31

• Item 1

•  

• Time Remaining 2 hours 1 minute 31 seconds

• 02:01:31

• Small amounts of the stimulant caffeine are allowed in most sports. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

• Xh 17

According to the textbook, a 2005 law concerning methamphetamine further restricted

Multiple Choice

• television depictions of methamphetamine synthesis.

• the sale of pseudoephedrine.

• prescriptions of amphetamines for medical use.

• anti-drug ad campaigns that exaggerated the harms of the drug.

Primary prevention programs are aimed at 

Multiple Choice

• elderly patients that may need medication assistance.

• adolescents who require substance abuse treatment.

• young people who have not tried drugs.

• addicts that require prevention or follow up.

Helping children know their own feelings and express them, helping them achieve altered emotional states without drugs, and teaching them to feel valued, accepted, and wanted are all presumed to be ways of reducing drug use. These are part of the _________ approach. 

Multiple Choice

• drug education

• peer influence

• cognitive development

• affective education

Project ALERT and Life Skills Training were included as examples of 

Multiple Choice

• programs that work.

• values clarification programs.

• knowledge-attitudes-behavior approaches.

• ineffective and outdated approaches.

According to the text, the ultimate goal of workplace drug prevention programs is to 

Multiple Choice

• prevent drug use by making clear that it is not condoned.

• prevent drug use by firing employees who violate the rules.

• prevent drug use by increasing the number of random urine tests.

• None of the answers is correct.

• The educational program with Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) is delivered by police officers, originally in fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

• Group ends

• A 1984 review of prevention studies concluded that values clarification approaches were clearly effective in actually preventing future drug use. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

• , selected

• 
  According to the classification of prevention programs by the Institute of Medicine, _________

blank

 are targeted at individuals who show signs of developing problems, such as a child who began smoking cigarettes at a young age or an adult arrested for a first offense of driving under the influence of alcohol. 

Multiple Choice

• selective prevention strategies

• indicated prevention strategies

• universal prevention programs

• targeted prevention programs

n the context of affective education, _________ is defined as an approach that involves teaching students to recognize and express their own feelings and beliefs. 

Multiple Choice

• cognitive development

• pressure resistance

• values clarification

• refusal skill

DARE is one of the most widespread drug prevention programs in schools. Research on DARE has shown that

Multiple Choice

• most parents and community members don't approve of it.

• it has not produced lasting reductions in drug or alcohol use.

• gang activity is greater in schools with DARE programs.

• it consistently reduces binge drinking and marijuana use.

Test3

Enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins are
 

Multiple Choice

• three types of opioid receptors found in the brain.

• three substances that have effects similar to morphine.

•  

• enzymes in the brain that convert morphine into its active form.

• three chemical classes of synthetic prescription opioids.

"Black tar" is 

Multiple Choice

• a name given to heroin from Mexico that is brown or black in its pure form.

• a type of street heroin that has been "cut" with powdered charcoal.

• a synthetic opioid that is twice as potent as pure heroin.

• an opium extract that is imported from Southeast Asia.

• Heroin was originally a brand name for diacetylmorphine, manufactured by Bayer laboratories.

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , selected

• False

• , unselected

One concern with street heroin is that a large proportion now contains _________

blank

, a potent synthetic opioid that is used medically to treat severe pain.
 

Multiple Choice

• codeine

• methadone

• pentazocine

• fentanyl

• The most popular prescription opioids are hydrocodone and oxycodone. 

• Group starts

• True or False

• True

• , unselected

• False

_________

blank

 is defined as a condition that can negatively impact an individual's quality of life, by disrupting sleep, employment, social functioning, and many other routine daily activities.
 

Multiple Choice

• Nociception

• Chronic pain

• Hyperalgesia

• Pain asymbolia

Possession of smuggled opioids was made a crime by 

Multiple Choice

• the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act.

• a 1915 Supreme Court decision.

• the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.

• the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse amendments.