Hydroxide = 1- ion, OH_^-

sulfate = 2- ion, SO4 2-

carbonate = 2- ion, CO3 2-

nitrate = 1- ion, NO3 1-

ammonium = 1+ ion, NH4 1+

acids in a solution are sources of hydrogen ions. (H+)

alkalis in a solution are sources of hydroxide ions. (OH-)

INDICATORS

litmus in acid-red🔴

litmus in alkali-blue🔵

methyl orange in acid-red🔴

methyl orange in alkali-yellow🟡

phenolphthalein in acid-pink🩷

phenolphthalein in alkali-colourless🤍

universal indicator in acid-red🔴

universal indicator in alkali-purple/ blue🔵🟣

NAMING SALTS

hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts

sulfuric acids forms sulfate salts

nitric acid forms nitrate salts