Buddhist Philosophy lecture recording on 04 March 2025 at 13.31.09 PM

Chapter 5 Overview

• Focus on emotional expression, culture, display rules, and gender differences in expression.

Midterm Exam Information

• Students need to watch at least one movie for the midterm; the option for extra credit exists if they watch a second movie.

• Questions on the midterm will not require detailed knowledge of the movie plots but general understanding.

• Citation is crucial; students should use APA format accurately to avoid losing points.

Citation Guidance

• All external readings are located on Canvas under the files section.

• Recommendations include using citation generators and Google Scholar for accurate citation.

• If unsure about citing a theory, find the seminal paper or original research paper.

• When citing lectures, include the presenter’s name, date, and course title in APA style.

Importance of Display Rules

• Display rules are socially constructed norms dictating the appropriateness of displaying certain emotions.

• Examples include different expectations for public versus private emotional displays.

• Vignettes discussed in class highlighted differences in family or peer conflict resolution.

Key Studies and Findings

• Study on Emotional Expression: Japanese students showed disgust only when alone but smiled in the presence of others, indicating cultural display rules.

• Gender Differences: Women report higher instances of crying, while men express anger more overtly, especially in less egalitarian contexts.

• Smiling patterns are influenced by power dynamics, showing that women smile more under specific conditions.

• Facial Feedback Hypothesis: Suggests that facial expressions can influence internal emotional states, though some studies challenge its validity.

Theoretical Models Discussed

• Basic Discrete Emotion Theory: Emotions are universal and recognizable across cultures.

• Component Process Model: Emotions arise from a combination of appraisals and interpretations based on context.

• Students are encouraged to apply and compare these models in their midterm responses.

Emotional Recognition Studies

• Studies indicated that individuals from the same cultural background have an easier time recognizing emotions displayed by their peers than those from different cultures.

• The direction of gaze can influence how emotions are interpreted (i.e., fear is recognized quicker when gaze is averted).

• Contextual information plays a crucial role in emotional recognition, impacting the judgment of symbols regarding facial expressions.

Conclusion and Exam Preparation

• Focus on the application of theories learned in class, with emphasis on emotional awareness and understanding cultural differences in emotional expression.

• Encourage active participation in class discussions to deepen understanding and clarify any uncertainties about midterm questions.