IPS Prelims

Peopling of the Philippines (NIM)

• Negrillos/Negritos

• Indios

• Moros

Theories on the Peopling of the Philippines (M UM US US)

• Multiple Homeland Hypothesis (IIPD)

  • INDONESIA (A) > sea – faring people

  • INDONESIA (B) > bark – clothing people

  • PROTO – MALAY > terrace – building

  • DEUTERO – MALAY > sail – building 

• Unique Melanesian Hypothesis

  • Austronesian speakers - they were present in the pre – colonial Philippines

  • LAND BRIDGES - This theory people from Melanesia travelled to the Philippines using ______

  • Modern day Melanesia is composed of (FVP)

    • Fiji

    • Vanuatu

    • Papua New Guinea

  • Nusantao

    • nusan - island

    • tao - people 

• Unique South China Sea Homeland Hypothesis

  • The presence of different nationalities in the pre – colonial Philippines can also be explained by this theory.

  • The Ancient CELEBES sea - a sea basin where trade was supposedly conducted by different parts of the world was where the first interactions of different cultures with the Philippines first happened.

  • Barter Trade

• Unique Southeastern China Hypothesis

  • The most plausible of all the theories on the Peopling of the Philippines.

• Republic Act No. 8371 | GOVPH - an act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples, creating a national commission on indigenous peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes

  • (SECTION 1) “The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997 - RA No. 8371 is shall be known as ______________________.

  • (SECTION 2) Declaration of State Policies. — The State shall recognize and promote all the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) hereunder enumerated within the framework of the Constitution:
    

  • (SECTION 3) Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall mean:

    • Ancestral Domains - refer to all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually

    • Ancestral Lands - refers to land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors­ in interest

    • Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with this law

    • Certificate of Ancestral Lands Title - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral lands

    • Communal Claims - refer to claims on land, resources and rights thereon, belonging to the whole community within a defined territory;

    • Customary Laws - refer to a body of written and/or unwritten rules, usages, customs and practices traditionally and continually recognized, accepted and observed by respective ICCs/IPs;

    • Free and Prior Informed Consent - as used in this Act shall mean the consensus of all members of the ICCs/IPs to be determined in accordance with their respective customary laws and practices, free from any external manipulation, interference, etc.

    • Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples - refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self­ ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory,

    • Indigenous Political Structures - refer to organizational and cultural leadership systems, institutions, relationships, patterns and processes for decision­ making and participation, identified by ICCs/IPs

    • Individual Claims - refer to claims on land and rights there on which have been devolved to individuals, families and clans including, but not limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies and tree lots

    • National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) - refers to the office created under this Act, which shall be under the Office of the President, and which shall be the primary government agency responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies, plans and programs

    • Native Title - refers to pre­conquest rights to lands and domains which, as far back as memory reaches, have been held under a claim of private ownership by ICCs/IPs

    • Nongovernment Organization - refers to a private, nonprofit voluntary organization that has been organized primarily for the delivery of various services to the ICCs/IPs

    • People’s Organization - refers to a private, nonprofit voluntary organization of members of an ICC/IP which is accepted as representative of such ICCs/IPs

    • Sustainable Traditional Resource Rights - refer to the rights of ICCs/IPs to sustainably use, manage, protect and conserve

      • a) land, air, water, and minerals;

      • b) plants, animals and other organisms;

      • c) collecting, fishing and hunting grounds;

      • d) sacred sites; and e) other areas of economic, ceremonial and aesthetic value in accordance with their indigenous knowledge, beliefs, systems and practices

    • Time Immemorial - refers to a period of time when as far back as memory can go, certain ICCs/IPs are known to have occupied, possessed in the concept of owner.