correlational
- shows the relationship of variables without causation or identifying cause&effect
- identifies patterns or trends
- relies on multiple existing data
descriptive
- characteristics are paid attention to
- based on multiple existing data
- usually documenting and observing is an example
- everything that can be counted and studied
exploratory
- gather data for deeper understanding about a new or unfamiliar topic
- generate ideas and identify potential research questions
- involves primary data collection
- relies on secondary research
- helps to determine the best research design, data collection method, and selection of subjects
explanatory
- identifies the cause and effect
- comparing
- actively manipulates the variables
quantitative
- focused on measurable data
- quantifies the diversity and variation
qualitative
- involves observation of certain attitudes, culture
- describes the diversity and variation
- requires non-numerical data
applied
- actually solving the problem after pure research
action
- direct change or intervention
- studies an ongoing practice
pure
- focused on expanding knowledge without immediate practical application