CELLS

Perfect — here is the full flashcard set (Knowt-style) for Living Environment Regents Unit 2: Cells, with each flashcard covering one concept. This is everything you need — direct, tested, and clean.

📚 LIVING ENVIRONMENT REGENTS – UNIT 2: CELLS FLASHCARDS

Flashcard 1
Q: What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?
A:

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Flashcard 2
Q: What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A:

• Prokaryotic: No nucleus (e.g. bacteria)

• Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, animals, fungi, protists)

Flashcard 3
Q: What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
A:

• Unicellular: One cell does all life functions

• Multicellular: Many cells work together, often specialized for different jobs

Flashcard 4
Q: What does the nucleus do in a cell?
A:

• Controls cell activities

• Contains DNA (genetic material)

Flashcard 5
Q: What is the function of the cell membrane?
A:

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell

• Maintains homeostasis

• Selectively permeable

Flashcard 6
Q: What is the role of the cytoplasm?
A:

• Jelly-like substance

• Site of most chemical reactions in the cell

Flashcard 7
Q: What do ribosomes do?
A:

• Make proteins

• Found floating in cytoplasm or attached to ER

Flashcard 8
Q: What is the function of the mitochondria?
A:

• Site of cellular respiration

• Produces ATP (energy)

Flashcard 9
Q: What does the chloroplast do?
A:

• Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

• Converts sunlight, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen

Flashcard 10
Q: What does the vacuole do?
A:

• Stores materials like water, waste, and nutrients

• Large in plant cells, smaller in animal cells

Flashcard 11
Q: What is the function of the cell wall?
A:

• Provides structure and support

• Found in plant cells (not animal cells)

• Made of cellulose

Flashcard 12
Q: What is the difference between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?
A:

• Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration

• Osmosis: Diffusion of water

• Active transport: Requires energy (ATP), moves substances from low to high concentration

Flashcard 13
Q: What are the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A:

• Photosynthesis: CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight → Glucose + O₂ (in chloroplasts)

• Cellular Respiration: Glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP (in mitochondria)

Flashcard 14
Q: How do you use a microscope properly?
A:

• Start on low power

• Use coarse adjustment on low power only

• Use fine adjustment on high power

• Image appears upside down and reversed

• Total magnification = eyepiece × objective lens

Flashcard 15
Q: What is mitosis, and what is its purpose?
A:

• Cell division for growth and repair

• Produces 2 identical diploid cells

• Phases: Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis

Flashcard 16
Q: What is cell specialization (differentiation)?
A:

• Process where cells develop into specific types with specific functions

• Controlled by gene expression

• Example: nerve cells, blood cells, muscle cells

Flashcard 17
Q: What does it mean for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?
A:

• Only certain substances can pass through

• Helps maintain internal balance (homeostasis)

You now have a complete, exam-ready flashcard set for Unit 2: Cells 🔬.

Let me know if you want this in a downloadable format (PDF, Quizlet, Knowt upload), or want the next unit (Genetics or Biochemistry)!