**1. Author:**

   - Mary Shelley: Born in 1797, Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, both prominent figures in the intellectual movements of their time. "Frankenstein" is her most famous work, and she wrote it when she was just 18 years old during the summer of 1816.

2. Subtitle:

   - "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus": The subtitle draws a parallel between Victor Frankenstein and the Titan Prometheus from Greek mythology, who defied the gods to bring fire (knowledge) to humanity. This emphasizes the novel's exploration of the dangers of unchecked knowledge and scientific ambition.

3. Publication Date:

   - "Frankenstein" was published anonymously in 1818, with Mary Shelley's name appearing on the second edition in 1823.

4. Genre:

   - Gothic Novel: "Frankenstein" is a classic Gothic novel, featuring elements such as a gloomy setting, mysterious atmosphere, and supernatural occurrences.

   - Science Fiction: While often considered one of the earliest science fiction works, "Frankenstein" explores the consequences of scientific experimentation and the ethical implications of creating life.

   - Romanticism: The novel is infused with Romantic themes, including the emphasis on emotions, the sublime in nature, and the individual's confrontation with the mysterious and unknown.

5. Themes:

   - Ambition and Hubris:

     - In the novel: Victor's ambition to conquer death and create life leads to his downfall. His hubris blinds him to the potential consequences of his actions.

   - Consequences of Scientific Discovery:

     - In the novel: Victor's creation of the creature highlights the ethical dilemmas and unintended consequences of scientific progress.

   - Alienation and Isolation:

     - In the novel: Both Victor and the creature experience profound isolation due to societal rejection, emphasizing the theme of the outsider.

   - Nature vs. Nurture:

     - In the novel: The creature's development and actions question whether one's nature is inherently evil or if external factors shape character.

   - The Pursuit of Knowledge:

     - In the novel: Victor's relentless pursuit of knowledge and scientific discovery leads to tragedy, exploring the potential dangers of unbridled ambition.

6. Plot:

   - Creation of the Creature:

     - Victor Frankenstein, driven by a desire to overcome death, assembles a creature from various body parts and brings it to life.

   - Rejection and Alienation:

     - The creature, rejected by its creator and society, becomes an outcast, seeking companionship and understanding.

   - Violence and Revenge:

     - The creature's experiences of cruelty lead to violence and a desire for revenge against Victor.

   - Chasing the Creature:

     - Victor pursues the creature across Europe and into the Arctic, leading to his own physical and mental deterioration.

   - Tragic Resolution:

     - The novel concludes with the tragic demise of both Victor and the creature, highlighting the destructive consequences of Victor's unchecked ambition.

7. Romanticism:

   - Emphasis on Emotions and Imagination: Shelley explores the emotional and imaginative aspects of characters, particularly Victor's intense emotions and the creature's desire for connection.

   - Nature as a Powerful and Healing Force: Descriptions of nature, especially in the Swiss Alps, emphasize its sublime beauty and its power to inspire and heal.

   - Individualism and the Sublime: The novel delves into the individual's confrontation with the unknown, especially through Victor's pursuit of forbidden knowledge.

8. Realism:

   - Detailed Depiction of Characters and Settings: The novel provides a detailed portrayal of characters' emotions and the physical settings, contributing to the psychological realism of the story.

   - Examination of Psychological and Emotional Aspects: Victor's internal struggles and the creature's emotional development add depth to the narrative, making it a psychologically rich exploration.

9. Science Fiction:

   - Exploration of Scientific and Technological Advancements: Victor's experiments with reanimating dead tissue exemplify the scientific and technological curiosity prevalent during the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution.

   - Ethical Implications of Scientific Pursuits: The novel raises ethical questions about the consequences of pushing scientific boundaries without considering the moral implications.

10. Frame Device/Frame Story:

   - The novel is presented as a series of letters written by Robert Walton to his sister, framing Victor's narrative. This structure provides multiple perspectives and emphasizes the isolation of the characters.

11. Bookending Device:

   - The letters from Robert Walton at the beginning and end of the novel create a sense of closure and reflection on the consequences of Victor's actions.

12. Suspense:

   - Shelley builds suspense through the unknown consequences of Victor's experiments and the pursuit of the creature, keeping readers engaged and anxious about the unfolding events.

13. Narrator's Point of View:

   - The first-person narrative primarily follows Victor's perspective, allowing readers insight into his thoughts, emotions, and internal struggles.

14. Narrator's Reliability:

   - Victor's reliability as a narrator is compromised due to his deteriorating mental state and his emotional bias, raising questions about the accuracy of the events he recounts.

15. Foreshadowing:

   - Victor's dreams and premonitions hint at the impending tragedy and serve as omens of the disastrous consequences of his actions.

16. Allusion:

   - Allusions to "Paradise Lost," "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," and biblical stories deepen the thematic complexity, drawing parallels between the characters and events in "Frankenstein" and these literary and religious works.

17. Mood:

   - The mood shifts from Gothic horror in the creation of the creature to tragic despair as the consequences unfold. The mood reflects the escalating tension and the tragic consequences of Victor's actions.

18. Figurative Language:

   - Metaphors and symbolism, such as the creature as a metaphor for the consequences of unchecked scientific ambition, enrich the narrative with deeper meaning.

19. Connotation:

   - The novel explores the negative connotations of playing god and the dangers of scientific arrogance, inviting readers to reflect on the ethical boundaries of scientific experimentation.

20. Sound Devices:

   - Descriptions of atmospheric sounds, like thunderstorms and howling winds, contribute to the eerie atmosphere surrounding the creature, enhancing the novel's Gothic elements.

21. Imagery:

   - Vivid descriptions of natural settings and grotesque images, such as the creature's appearance, create a stark contrast, emphasizing the beauty of nature and the horror of the unnatural.

22. Allusions:

   - Allusions to "Paradise Lost," "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," and biblical stories add layers of meaning, exploring the parallels between Victor's story and these influential works.

23. Foils and Doppelgangers:

   - The relationship between Victor and the creature serves as a foil, highlighting their contrasting traits and emphasizing the duality of human nature.

24. Internal Conflict:

   - Victor grapples with internal conflicts related to morality, ambition, and responsibility. His inner turmoil intensifies as he faces the consequences of playing god and abandoning his creation.

   In the novel: Victor's internal struggle is evident in his conflicting emotions about the creature. He battles with guilt over his actions, but his pride and fear hinder him from taking responsibility, deepening the tragedy.

25. Dramatic Irony:

   - Readers possess knowledge that characters lack, creating tension and emotional impact as events unfold differently from what characters anticipate.

   In the novel: The readers' awareness of the creature's actions and intentions adds dramatic irony. Victor and others are unaware of the creature's presence and plans, intensifying the suspense and tragedy.

These elements collectively contribute to the richness of "Frankenstein" as a literary work, offering readers a multifaceted exploration of human nature, morality, and the consequences of unchecked ambition. Through detailed analysis of these elements, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the novel's themes, characters, and the social and philosophical questions it raises. Utilizing specific examples and quotes from the text will further enhance the study guide's effectiveness.