IS421-Chapter-5-Materials

Page 1: Introduction and Disclaimer

• Course Title: IS421 IT Infrastructure and Network Technologies

• Chapter: 5 Learning Materials

• Focus: Future Network Architectures and Core Technologies

• Disclaimer:

  • Provided in accordance with the modular learning approach in response to Typhoon Pepito's impact on education delivery.

  • Authors and publishers acknowledged; content is for instructional purposes, not for commercial use.

Page 2: Lesson 1 - Overview of Future Network Architecture

• Importance of Telecommunication Network Technology

  • Crucial for linking devices and people globally.

• Overview of Computer Networking

  • Examination of how devices communicate.

  • Involves equipment and communication protocols for info exchange.

  • Includes Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs).

Network Technologies

• Definition: Tools and systems that enable computer network design, deployment, and operation.

• Functionality: Allows data and resource sharing among connected devices.

  • Components: Includes cables, routers, switches, and protocols governing data flow.

  • Importance: Vital for companies and groups to ensure secure, fast, and reliable networks.

Key Components of Network Technologies

1. Hardware Components:

   • Switches: Forward data based on MAC addresses.

   • Routers: Direct traffic based on IP addresses.

   • Access Points: Enable wireless device connectivity.

   • Firewalls: Monitor network traffic and provide security.

   • Servers: Centralized resources and data storage.

2. Network Protocols:

   • TCP/IP: Core for internet communication.

   • DNS: Converts domain names to IP addresses.

   • HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web access and secure communication.

   • SMTP/POP/IMAP: For email transmission.

3. Transmission Media:

   • Wired: Ethernet and Fiber Optic offer stability and speed.

   • Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Cellular for mobility.

4. Networking Models:

   • Client-Server Model: Centralized resource sharing.

   • Peer-to-Peer Model: Devices share resources equally.

5. Networking Standards:

   • Established by IEEE and ITU for interoperability.

   • Examples: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), 5G standards.

Types of Network Technologies

1. LAN: Connects devices in small areas; e.g., office.

2. WAN: Covers large geographic areas; e.g., the internet.

3. Wireless Networks: Wi-Fi, cellular communications.

4. SDN: Centralizes network control via software.

5. VPN: Secures communication over public networks;

6. Cloud Networking: Utilizes cloud resources and services.

7. IoT: Interconnects devices for seamless communication.

8. Quantum Networking: Focuses on secure communication leveraging quantum mechanics.

Page 3: Future Network Architectures

• Definition: Innovative frameworks aimed at enhancing communication systems for future needs.

• Integration of Advanced Technologies: Address performance, scalability, security, for applications like 5G/6G and IoT.

Page 4: Key Features of Future Network Architectures

1. Scalability:

   • Handles growth in devices, users, and data.

   • Dynamic resource allocation.

2. Flexibility:

   • Adapts to workload changes and integrates with diverse technologies.

3. Security and Privacy:

   • Uses encryption and anomaly detection for data protection.

4. Low Latency and High Throughput:

   • Supports real-time applications; ultra-fast transmissions.

5. Sustainability:

   • Energy-efficient designs to minimize environmental impact.

Examples of Future Network Architectures

1. 5G/6G:

   • Low-latency, high data rates; includes network slicing and edge computing.

2. SDN:

   • Decoupled control plane enhances flexibility; simplifies management.

3. NFV:

   • Virtualizes network functions, reducing costs and improving service deployment.

4. Cloud-Native Networking:

   • Integrated with cloud computing for scalability; uses microservices.

5. IBN:

   • AI-driven network configurations; proactive problem-solving.

6. Quantum Networking:

   • Advances in secure communication utilizing quantum principles.

7. IoT Architectures:

   • Supports interconnected devices with low-power protocols.

8. Satellite-Based Networks:

   • Provides coverage for remote areas; examples include Starlink.

Page 5: Lesson 2 - Network Virtualization Technology

• Definition: Combines hardware and software resources into a unified network.

• Challenges in Today's Internet: Bottlenecks due to scale; lack of mobility support.

• Key Concepts:

  • Abstraction: Separates physical from logical networks.

  • SDN: Key to enabling network virtualization.

  • NFV: Replaces hardware devices with virtualized functions.

  • Overlay Networks: Built on top of physical networks for isolation.

  • Automation and Orchestration: Enhances management efficiency.

Applications of Network Virtualization

1. Data Centers: Dynamic resource allocation.

2. Cloud: Supports secure VPNs.

3. Enterprise: Simplifies branch connectivity.

4. 5G: Enables network slicing.

Core Technical Ideas of Network Virtualization

• Separation of Control and Data Planes: Enhances flexibility and innovation.

• Building New Network Architectures: significant redesigning required.

Page 6: Network Virtualization Architecture

• Architecture Components:

  • Resource Layer: Managed by infrastructure providers.

  • Service Layer: For leasing network resources.

  • User Connectivity: Allows simultaneous connections.

• Essential Features:

  1. Strong Isolation: Vital for data security.

  2. Flexibility and Scalability: Enhances functional entity separation.

  3. Rapid Deployment: Accelerated service rollout.

  4. Encouragement of Innovation: Facilitates new standards and structures.

Page 7: Implementation of Network Virtualization

1. Abstracting Physical Resources: Convert physical devices into software entities.

2. Utilizing SDN: Centralized management enhances operations.

3. Creating Overlay Networks: Logical layers on physical structures.

4. Deploying NFV: Virtualizes hardware functions.

5. Automating: Tools streamline network management.

6. Integrating Monitoring Tools: Ensures security and performance.

7. Testing and Validation: Verify functionality and performance.

8. Continuous Optimization: Regular updates and monitoring.

Page 8: Future Network Architectures

• Need for Evolution: Demand for adaptable architectures in IoT and beyond.

• Transformative Concepts:

  1. SDN and NFV for centralized management.

  2. Self-Healing Networks: AI-driven optimizations.

  3. Digital Twin Networks: Simulations for risk reduction.

Page 9: Additional Future Network Architectures

1. Massive MIMO: High data throughput for 5G.

2. Cloud-Native Networking: Integration with cloud ecosystems.

3. Intent-Based Networking: AI-driven configurations.

4. Quantum Networking: Offers ultra-secure communication.

5. Network Slicing: Tailored virtual networks.

6. Blockchain Integration: Enhances trust in operations.

7. Satellite Networks: Global coverage for underserved areas.

Page 10: Conclusion and References

• Summary: Future network architectures enhance scalability, security, and efficiency for modern applications.

• References: Include works from Lan et al. and various online sources.