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IS421-Chapter-5-Materials

Page 1: Introduction and Disclaimer

  • Course Title: IS421 IT Infrastructure and Network Technologies

  • Chapter: 5 Learning Materials

  • Focus: Future Network Architectures and Core Technologies

  • Disclaimer:

    • Provided in accordance with the modular learning approach in response to Typhoon Pepito's impact on education delivery.

    • Authors and publishers acknowledged; content is for instructional purposes, not for commercial use.

Page 2: Lesson 1 - Overview of Future Network Architecture

  • Importance of Telecommunication Network Technology

    • Crucial for linking devices and people globally.

  • Overview of Computer Networking

    • Examination of how devices communicate.

    • Involves equipment and communication protocols for info exchange.

    • Includes Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs).

Network Technologies

  • Definition: Tools and systems that enable computer network design, deployment, and operation.

  • Functionality: Allows data and resource sharing among connected devices.

    • Components: Includes cables, routers, switches, and protocols governing data flow.

    • Importance: Vital for companies and groups to ensure secure, fast, and reliable networks.

Key Components of Network Technologies

  1. Hardware Components:

    • Switches: Forward data based on MAC addresses.

    • Routers: Direct traffic based on IP addresses.

    • Access Points: Enable wireless device connectivity.

    • Firewalls: Monitor network traffic and provide security.

    • Servers: Centralized resources and data storage.

  2. Network Protocols:

    • TCP/IP: Core for internet communication.

    • DNS: Converts domain names to IP addresses.

    • HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web access and secure communication.

    • SMTP/POP/IMAP: For email transmission.

  3. Transmission Media:

    • Wired: Ethernet and Fiber Optic offer stability and speed.

    • Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Cellular for mobility.

  4. Networking Models:

    • Client-Server Model: Centralized resource sharing.

    • Peer-to-Peer Model: Devices share resources equally.

  5. Networking Standards:

    • Established by IEEE and ITU for interoperability.

    • Examples: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), 5G standards.

Types of Network Technologies

  1. LAN: Connects devices in small areas; e.g., office.

  2. WAN: Covers large geographic areas; e.g., the internet.

  3. Wireless Networks: Wi-Fi, cellular communications.

  4. SDN: Centralizes network control via software.

  5. VPN: Secures communication over public networks;

  6. Cloud Networking: Utilizes cloud resources and services.

  7. IoT: Interconnects devices for seamless communication.

  8. Quantum Networking: Focuses on secure communication leveraging quantum mechanics.

Page 3: Future Network Architectures

  • Definition: Innovative frameworks aimed at enhancing communication systems for future needs.

  • Integration of Advanced Technologies: Address performance, scalability, security, for applications like 5G/6G and IoT.

Page 4: Key Features of Future Network Architectures

  1. Scalability:

    • Handles growth in devices, users, and data.

    • Dynamic resource allocation.

  2. Flexibility:

    • Adapts to workload changes and integrates with diverse technologies.

  3. Security and Privacy:

    • Uses encryption and anomaly detection for data protection.

  4. Low Latency and High Throughput:

    • Supports real-time applications; ultra-fast transmissions.

  5. Sustainability:

    • Energy-efficient designs to minimize environmental impact.

Examples of Future Network Architectures

  1. 5G/6G:

    • Low-latency, high data rates; includes network slicing and edge computing.

  2. SDN:

    • Decoupled control plane enhances flexibility; simplifies management.

  3. NFV:

    • Virtualizes network functions, reducing costs and improving service deployment.

  4. Cloud-Native Networking:

    • Integrated with cloud computing for scalability; uses microservices.

  5. IBN:

    • AI-driven network configurations; proactive problem-solving.

  6. Quantum Networking:

    • Advances in secure communication utilizing quantum principles.

  7. IoT Architectures:

    • Supports interconnected devices with low-power protocols.

  8. Satellite-Based Networks:

    • Provides coverage for remote areas; examples include Starlink.

Page 5: Lesson 2 - Network Virtualization Technology

  • Definition: Combines hardware and software resources into a unified network.

  • Challenges in Today's Internet: Bottlenecks due to scale; lack of mobility support.

  • Key Concepts:

    • Abstraction: Separates physical from logical networks.

    • SDN: Key to enabling network virtualization.

    • NFV: Replaces hardware devices with virtualized functions.

    • Overlay Networks: Built on top of physical networks for isolation.

    • Automation and Orchestration: Enhances management efficiency.

Applications of Network Virtualization

  1. Data Centers: Dynamic resource allocation.

  2. Cloud: Supports secure VPNs.

  3. Enterprise: Simplifies branch connectivity.

  4. 5G: Enables network slicing.

Core Technical Ideas of Network Virtualization

  • Separation of Control and Data Planes: Enhances flexibility and innovation.

  • Building New Network Architectures: significant redesigning required.

Page 6: Network Virtualization Architecture

  • Architecture Components:

    • Resource Layer: Managed by infrastructure providers.

    • Service Layer: For leasing network resources.

    • User Connectivity: Allows simultaneous connections.

  • Essential Features:

    1. Strong Isolation: Vital for data security.

    2. Flexibility and Scalability: Enhances functional entity separation.

    3. Rapid Deployment: Accelerated service rollout.

    4. Encouragement of Innovation: Facilitates new standards and structures.

Page 7: Implementation of Network Virtualization

  1. Abstracting Physical Resources: Convert physical devices into software entities.

  2. Utilizing SDN: Centralized management enhances operations.

  3. Creating Overlay Networks: Logical layers on physical structures.

  4. Deploying NFV: Virtualizes hardware functions.

  5. Automating: Tools streamline network management.

  6. Integrating Monitoring Tools: Ensures security and performance.

  7. Testing and Validation: Verify functionality and performance.

  8. Continuous Optimization: Regular updates and monitoring.

Page 8: Future Network Architectures

  • Need for Evolution: Demand for adaptable architectures in IoT and beyond.

  • Transformative Concepts:

    1. SDN and NFV for centralized management.

    2. Self-Healing Networks: AI-driven optimizations.

    3. Digital Twin Networks: Simulations for risk reduction.

Page 9: Additional Future Network Architectures

  1. Massive MIMO: High data throughput for 5G.

  2. Cloud-Native Networking: Integration with cloud ecosystems.

  3. Intent-Based Networking: AI-driven configurations.

  4. Quantum Networking: Offers ultra-secure communication.

  5. Network Slicing: Tailored virtual networks.

  6. Blockchain Integration: Enhances trust in operations.

  7. Satellite Networks: Global coverage for underserved areas.

Page 10: Conclusion and References

  • Summary: Future network architectures enhance scalability, security, and efficiency for modern applications.

  • References: Include works from Lan et al. and various online sources.