Final Survey Music

Indonesia

Gamelan:Traditional Indonesian ensemble music featuring instruments such as metallophones, gongs, and drums.

Pelog: A seven-note scale used in Gamelan music, characterized by uneven intervals.

Slendro: A five-note scale used in Gamelan music, with nearly equal intervals.

Balungan: The core melody of Gamelan music.

Colotomic Structure: The rhythmic framework in Gamelan, marked by specific gong strokes.

Gongan: A musical phrase or cycle marked by a gong.

Wayang Kulit: Traditional Indonesian shadow puppet theater, accompanied by Gamelan.

Saron: A metallophone instrument in the Gamelan ensemble.

Middle East

Heterophony: A texture where multiple instruments or voices play the same melody but with slight variations.

Azan: The Islamic call to prayer, performed five times daily.

Quarter Tone: Musical interval smaller than a semitone, characteristic of Middle Eastern music.

Maqam: The system of melodic modes used in Middle Eastern music.

Taqasim: Improvised instrumental solos in Middle Eastern music.

Takht: Traditional Middle Eastern ensemble featuring instruments like oud, qanun, and ney.

Tabla (Dumbak): A goblet-shaped drum used in Middle Eastern music.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Dense Texture: Complex layers of sound, common in African music.

Call-and-Response: A musical form where a leader sings or plays a phrase, followed by a response from the group.

Polyrhythmic: Simultaneous use of multiple rhythms.

Interlocking: Patterns that fit together to create a cohesive rhythm.

Bell Pattern: A timeline pattern played on a bell to guide musicians.

Mbira: A thumb piano used in traditional African music.

Caribbean

Tresillo: A rhythmic pattern with three notes, foundational in Afro-Caribbean music.

Cinquillo: A syncopated five-note rhythmic pattern.

Habanera Rhythm: A Cuban rhythm pattern often used in Afro-Caribbean music.

Dem Bow Rhythm: A reggae and dancehall rhythm influential in reggaeton music.

Creolization: The blending of cultures and musical traditions in the Caribbean.

Transnational Music: Music that crosses cultural and national boundaries.

Marímbula: A plucked box instrument used in Caribbean music.

India

Classical Music: Includes two traditions, Hindustani (North India) and Karnatak (South India).

Hindustani/Karnatak: North and South Indian classical music traditions, respectively.

Improvisation: A key element of Indian classical music, creating spontaneous compositions.

Sargam: Indian solfège system (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni).

Raga: Melodic framework for improvisation in Indian music.

Tala: Rhythmic cycles in Indian music.

Tabla: A pair of drums used in Indian music.

Native America

Linear Time: A sense of time that progresses forward, with a clear beginning and end.

Circular Time: A cyclical concept of time, often reflected in Native American traditions.

Intertribalism: Cultural exchange and unification among tribes.

Pow-wow: A gathering featuring music, dance, and cultural celebration.

Gourd Dance: A ceremonial dance often preceding a pow-wow.

Grand Entry: The opening procession at a pow-wow.

Push-up: The lead singer's call in a Native American song.

Honor Beats: Accentuated beats in drumming to honor dancers or traditions.

Straight Beat: A consistent rhythm used in Native American drumming.

Flag Song: Songs honoring flags, veterans, or warriors.

Ruffle Beat: A fast, trembling drumming pattern.

Victory Song: Songs celebrating success or triumph.

Intertribal Songs: Songs that allow participation from all tribes.

Contest Songs: Songs performed during competitive dancing.

Sneak-Up Song: A song mimicking war-related movements.

Round Dance: A social dance featuring a circular pattern.

American Indian Flute: A melodic instrument used for storytelling and personal