Geography test

1. What was the “bread and freedom” in Russia and what did it lead to?

• A slogan for basic needs and liberties, leading to the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.

2. What is the chernozem?

• Fertile black soil found in Eastern Europe.

3. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government encouraged WHAT for businesses that favored the wealthy?

• Privatization of state-owned enterprises.

4. What is a satellite nation and how does it relate to the Soviet Union?

• A nation under heavy Soviet influence, often politically aligned.

5. What is a market economy?

• An economy where supply and demand control production and pricing.

6. What is communism?

• An ideology advocating for a classless society with public ownership of resources.

7. What was the perestroika?

• Gorbachev's policy for economic and political restructuring in the Soviet Union.

8. What were some characteristics of Soviet controlled communist nations? (pollution laws, government, workers)

• Centralized control, limited free speech, poor environmental regulations, and workforce shortages.

9. What kind of climate does most of Eastern Europe have?

• Continental climate with cold winters and hot summers.

10. How do most people in Eastern Europe heat their homes and WHY?

• Using coal or wood for cost-effectiveness and availability.

11. What was Yugoslavia?

• A former socialist federation in Southeast Europe that dissolved in the 1990s.

12. Which country in Eastern Europe has the highest rates of death from urban air pollution?

• Poland.

13. What body of water in Eastern Europe is a major trade and transportation route located between the Italian and Balkan Peninsula?

• The Adriatic Sea.

14. This is a heavily traveled transportation route between Poland and Germany?

• The Berlin-Warsaw Expressway.

15. What two ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s?

• Bosniaks and Croats.

16. What is the European Environmental Agency and what purpose does it serve in Eastern Europe?

• It provides environmental information to support sustainable policies.

17. What are the winters like in Southern Europe?

• Mild and wet.

18. What major contribution in government did the ancient Greeks make?

• Development of democracy.

19. This is the largest mountain range in Europe, separating the marine west coast climate to the north and the warm Mediterranean climate to the south?

• The Alps.

20. Where is the Iberian Peninsula and what countries consist of it?

• South-western Europe, consisting of Spain and Portugal.

21. What was the Renaissance?

• A cultural movement emphasizing art and learning from the 14th to 17th century.

22. What is a massif?

• A raised section of connected mountains.

23. Is the population in Southern Europe increasing or decreasing and WHY?

• Decreasing due to low birth rates.

24. Which countries in Northwestern Europe mainly rely on renewable sources such as hydroelectricity?

• Norway and Sweden.

25. What is Agribusiness and why does it exist in Northwestern Europe?

• Large-scale agriculture to meet high population demands.

26. How has the European Union promoted trade between member countries?

• By reducing tariffs and regulations to enhance trade.

27. What is the biggest environmental threat facing northwestern Europe?

• Air pollution from industrial activity.

28. What is a mistral?

• A strong, cold wind from the north in Southern France.

29. What is fragmentation?

• The division of regions or nations into smaller, often hostile units.

30. What is devolution?

• The transfer of power from central to regional governments.

31. What is a foehn?

• A dry, warm wind descending the mountainside.

32. Increased trade during the 1300s integrated Northern European countries with mainland Europe, causing Nordic society to become what?

• More interconnected and economically unified.

33. What country in northern Europe does NOT have an official religion?

• Sweden.

34. How would you describe the population of Iceland?

• Small and homogeneous.

35. What is ecotourism?

• Sustainable travel focused on environmental conservation.

36. What is a hot spring and where do they predominantly exist in northern Europe?

• A spring with warm water, primarily found in Iceland.

37. What is the arctic tundra?

• A cold, treeless biome with permafrost, located in polar regions.

2. What is the “welfare state”?

   • A welfare state is a government system that provides social services and financial support to ensure that citizens have access to basic needs like healthcare, education, and housing.

3. What is a fjord?

   • A fjord is a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland, formed by the submergence of a glaciated valley.

Why did European countries need the European Union?

• European countries needed the European Union to promote economic cooperation and integration, enhance stability and peace post-World War II, facilitate trade, and ensure collective security against various social, political, and economic challenges.

What are the main geographical and cultural features of Europe?

• Geographical Features:

  • Diverse landscapes including mountains (Alps, Carpathians), plains (North European Plain), rivers (Danube, Rhine), and coastal regions.

  • Variety of climates (marine, continental, Mediterranean) and ecosystems.

• Cultural Features:

  • Rich cultural heritage with multiple languages, traditions, and religions.

  • Historical significance in arts, philosophy, and scientific advancements from ancient Greece and Rome through to the Renaissance and modern Europe.

  • Strong emphasis on democratic governance, human rights, and social welfare.

CHAPTER 10-14

1. Why is Argentina considered to be a global role model for environmental policies?

   1. Argentina has strong conservation efforts, renewable energy initiatives, and significant land protection policies.

2. What is a vertical climate zone?

   1. Climate zones that change with elevation, affecting temperature and vegetation.

3. What is a primate city, and why is Mexico City considered one?

   1. A city that is the largest and most influential in a country; Mexico City is the largest city in Mexico, serving as its political and economic center.

4. What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

   1. The total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.

5. What kind of climate does northern Mexico have?

   1. Arid or semi-arid desert climate.

6. What is a mestizo?

   1. A person of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry.

7. What is a free trade zone?

   1. An area where goods can be imported, manufactured, and exported without tariffs.

8. This is the downward shifting of land in response to various natural and human-caused factors?

   1. Subsidence.

9. Why is water scarce in Mexico City?

   1. Due to over-extraction of groundwater, pollution, and rapid population growth.

10. Who was Hernan Cortes, and what native culture did he conquer?

    1. A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.

11. Mexico is a leading producer of this natural resource?

    1. Oil (petroleum).

12. What were the United Provinces of Central America? When did it dissolve?

    1. A federation of Central American states that dissolved in 1841.

13. What was the Columbian Exchange?

    1. The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World post-1492.

14. These are large agricultural estates owned by a family or corporation in Latin America?

    1. Haciendas.

15. What country received its independence in 1804 from France led by Francois Toussaint-Louverture?

    1. Haiti.

16. What was the Panama Canal, and when was it created?

    1. A canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened on August 15, 1914.

17. What is an isthmus?

    1. A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses.

18. What are the leading causes of deforestation in Central America?

    1. Agriculture expansion, logging, and urban development.

19. What kind of climate do the Caribbean islands typically have?

    1. Tropical climate.

20. What is the tierra caliente?

    1. A hot, low-elevation climate zone.

21. What is PRODESEC?

    1. A program promoting sustainable development and security in Central America.

22. What is an escarpment?

    1. A steep slope or cliff between two different land elevations.

23. This is the longest river in the Western Hemisphere?

    1. The Amazon River.

24. What is a “brain drain”?

    1. The emigration of highly skilled individuals from one country to another.

25. Why is Patagonia dry, barren, and windy?

    1. Due to being in the rain shadow of the Andes Mountains.

26. What are the pampas?

    1. Fertile lowlands in Argentina known for agriculture.

27. What is oxisol?

    1. A nutrient-poor soil found in tropical regions.

28. What are South America’s major crop exports?

    1. Soybeans, coffee, sugar, and corn.

29. Due to its location, the predominant climates of South America are?

    1. Tropical in the north, arid in the west, and temperate in the south.

30. What is monoculture, and how does it impact soil?

    1. Growing a single crop; it can deplete soil nutrients and reduce biodiversity.

Chapter 15 - 19

1. What ethnic group is the dominant political group in Afghanistan?
   Pashtuns.

2. Despite small amounts of ___________, nearly half the workforce in Central Asia lives by farming.
   Arable land.

3. What government did the USA overthrow after 9/11?
   The Taliban government.

4. In what two Central Asian countries is the majority of the population Christian?
   Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

5. What is a dune-covered desert in Central Asia?
   The Karakum Desert.

6. This is the world’s largest inland body of water?
   The Caspian Sea.

7. What is an oasis?
   A fertile area in a desert where water is available.

8. What is the Arabian Shield?
   A geological formation of ancient rock that makes up the western part of the Arabian Peninsula.

9. What are countries in the Arabian Peninsula doing to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture?
   Implementing sustainable farming practices and investing in technology for water conservation.

10. How have countries in the Arabian Peninsula managed freshwater?
    Through desalination plants and efficient irrigation systems.

11. What is shari’ah?
    Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.

12. What is Makkah?
    The holiest city in Islam, the birthplace of Muhammad.

13. Which branch of Islam regards Muhammad’s son-in-law as the rightful successor?
    Shia Islam.

14. Which branch of Islam regards the first four successors of Muhammad as his rightful successors?
    Sunni Islam.

15. What is OPEC and why do they regulate oil production and prices?
    The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; they regulate oil production and prices to stabilize the oil market and ensure fair prices for consumers and producers.

16. The majority of people living in the Northeast are what religion?
    Islam.

17. This city has air pollution that has caused thousands of deaths?
    Tehran.

18. What and where is the Dardanelles?
    A narrow strait located in Turkey that connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.

19. What is cuneiform?
    An ancient writing system used in Mesopotamia, characterized by wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.

20. Which river provides water to all of Syria?
    The Euphrates River.

21. What happened to Palestine after the 1947 UN decision?
    It was partitioned into separate Jewish and Arab states, leading to conflict and the establishment of Israel.

22. What has caused eastern Mediterranean countries to be slow to develop economically?
    Political instability, conflict, and lack of resources.

23. What is monotheism?
    The belief in a single, all-powerful God.

24. What is desertification?
    The process by which fertile land becomes desert, often due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

25. What is desalination?
    The process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation.

26. What do followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common?
    They are all monotheistic religions that trace their roots to Abraham.

27. What has happened to the output of North African countries after the decline of European control?
    It has generally increased, with a focus on agriculture and natural resources.

28. What environmental challenges are faced with the Great Man-Made River?
    Water scarcity, pollution, and sustainability concerns.

29. Why do some countries in North Africa import their food and WHY?
    Due to arid climates and limited arable land, they cannot produce enough food to meet their needs.

30. This country is in North Africa and exports natural gas and gained independence from France in the mid-1900s?
    Algeria.

31. This country in North Africa has a pumping and pipeline system that supplies freshwater across a large area?
    Libya.

32. This place in North Africa is the birthplace of some of the earliest civilizations?
    The Nile River Valley (Egypt).

List and describe the main physical AND cultural features of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia.

• Physical Features:

  • North Africa: Dominated by the Sahara Desert, the Nile River, and mountain ranges like the Atlas Mountains.

  • Southwest Asia: Characterized by arid deserts, the Arabian Peninsula, and significant rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates.

  • Central Asia: Features vast steppes, mountain ranges like the Tien Shan, and deserts such as the Kyzylkum.

• Cultural Features:

  • North Africa: Predominantly Arab and Berber cultures, with a strong influence of Islam.

  • Southwest Asia: Diverse cultures including Arab, Persian, and Turkish, with Islam as the dominant religion.

  • Central Asia: A mix of Turkic and Persian cultures, with varying degrees of Islamic influence.

What problems are countries within North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia facing today and how are they trying to handle them?

• North Africa: Facing water scarcity, political instability, and economic challenges. Countries are investing in renewable energy and improving water management systems.

• Southwest Asia: Experiencing conflict, terrorism, and economic inequality. Efforts include peace negotiations and economic diversification.

• Central Asia: Dealing with environmental issues like desertification and water management. Countries are collaborating on regional water-sharing agreements and sustainable practices.

A climate area that occurs as elevation increases, with its own natural vegetation and crops?*

1/1

Vertical Climate Zones

Seismic

Conquistador

Cash Crop

This is the value of goods and services produced within a country in a year?*

1/1

Free Trade Zone

Gross Domestic Product

Cash Crop

Land Subsidence

This is a person of mixed indigenous and European ancestry?*

1/1

Seismic

Mestizo

Conquistador

Peninsulare

The downward shifting of land in response to various natural and human-caused factors is called what?*

1/1

Cash Crop

Gross Domestic Product

Conquistador

Land Subsidence

An area of a country in which trade restrictions do not apply is called what?*

1/1

Free Trade Zone

Conquistador

Restricted Trade Zone

Gross Domestic Product

Northern Mexico has a ______________ climate?*

1/1

Dry

Mediterranean

Subtropical

Tropical

Why is Mexico City considered to be a primate city?*

0/1

It is the capital city

It is the primary destination for immigrants to Mexico

It is the largest city and the political, cultural, and economic center of Mexico

It is the most populous city in North America

Correct answer

It is the largest city and the political, cultural, and economic center of Mexico

_______________ led the Spanish forces that invaded and conquered the _____________ in Mexico?*

1/1

Hernan Cortes; Inca

Fransisco Pizzaro; Aztec

Hernan Cortes; Aztec

Francisco Pizzaro; Inca

Mexico is also a leading ________________ producer, which is used to produce much of Mexico's power supply?*

1/1

Petroleum

Coal

Hydrogen Water

Biofuel

Why is water scarcity a growing issue in Mexico?*

1/1

They have too many rivers

It has mostly a rural population

It has tremendous fresh water availability

It has a large and growing population

Chapter 8

6 of 10 points

This is a former federation of countries that included the present day countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua?*

0/1

Patois

United Provinces of Central America

Cuba

French Guyana

Correct answer

United Provinces of Central America

This is a large agricultural estate owned by a family or corporation in Latin America?*

1/1

Mullatoe

Patois

Sedimentation

Latifundia

This is a transportation route that opened in 1914 and once controlled by the USA?*

1/1

St. Lawrence Dam

Suez Canal

Panama River Hydro-Network

Panama Canal

This is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land areas?*

0/1

Isthmus

Patois

Canal

Sedimentation

Correct answer

Isthmus

this country won its independence in 1804, following a revolt led by Francoi Toussaint-Louverture?*

1/1

Cuba

Canada

Mexico

Hati

What is the correct term for the transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases that began when Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere?*

0/1

the Great Upheaval

Brain Drain

Industrial Revolution

Columbian exchange

Correct answer

Columbian exchange

The islands of the Caribbean typically have a __________ climate?*

1/1

Tropical wet/dry

Dry

Humid continental

Semi-arid

Which vertical climate zone is a hot temperature zone where bananas and sugarcane are grown?*

0/1

Tierra Mosada

Tierra Helada

Tierra Sub-Tropical

Tierra Caliente

Correct answer

Tierra Caliente

Which of the following are 2 leading causes of deforestation in Central America?*

1/1

Commercial logging and depletion of sugar poppies

Slash-and-burn cultivation and commercial logging

slash-and-burn cultivation and underground water filtration

Habitat reforestation

PRODESEC (Economic Development Program for the Dry Region of Nicaragua) is a plan to....?*

1/1

stimulate more oil depletion

Provide new opportunities for rural families in Nicaragua

promote Eco-tourism

end logging in the desert

Chapter 9

7 of 10 points

This is a steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface?*

1/1

Oxisol

Pampas

Cordillera

Escarpment

This is the longest river in the Western Hemisphere?*

1/1

Amazon

Paraguay

Mississippi

Parana

This is referred to as the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries?*

1/1

Brain Drain

Oxisol

Macumba

Favela

This is the grassy, treeless plains of southern South America?*

1/1

Machu Picchu

Oxisol

Favela

Pampas

This is a thick, weathered soil of the humid tropics that is largely depleted of fertility and nutrients?*

1/1

Oxisol

Patagonia

Macumba

Pampas

What causes Patagonia to be dry, barren, and windy?*

1/1

the Santa Ana winds

its proximity to the Equator

El Nino

the rain shadow effect caused by the Andes

Which of the following are major crops exported from South America?*

1/1

rice, lentils, and cotton

grains, soybeans, and coffee

olives, grapes, and potatoes

taros, yams, and pineapples

How does monoculture affect soil?*

0/1

it dries it out too fast

it causes it to become saline

it depletes it of nutrients

it enriches it with nitrogen

Correct answer

it depletes it of nutrients

Due to its location, the predominant climates of South America are?*

0/1

mediterranean, marine west coast and humid continental

humid and subtropical and marine west coast

steppe and desert

tropical wet and tropical dry climates

Correct answer

tropical wet and tropical dry climates

Why is Argentina considered to be a global role model for environmental policies?*

0/1

it has converted all transportation systems to hydroelectric power

it has voluntarily set greenhouse gas emission targets

it has required commercial loggers to keep logging and not reforest

it has banned logging in ALL of the rainforest

Correct answer

it has voluntarily set greenhouse gas emission targets

The practice and business of recreational travel that is based on concern for the environment?*

1/1

Break-of-bulk

Welfare state

Ecotourism

Glaciation

A long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled by seawater is referred to as what?*

1/1

Fjord

Entrepot

Damn

Geyser

A state that assumes primary responsibility for the social well-being of its citizens is referred to as what?*

1/1

Welfare state

Invasive state

capitalistic state

Geothermal state

A spring whose water issues at a temperature higher than that of its surroundings?*

1/1

Geyser

Invasive energy

Geothermal energy

Hot spring

Due to dry conditions, poor soil quality, extremely cold temperatures, and frozen ground, vegetation in the __________________ climate is limited?*

1/1

subarctic

marine west coast

arctic tundra

humid continental

Increased trade during the 1300s integrated Northern European countries with mainland Europe causing Nordic society to become increasingly....?*

0/1

isolated

even more distinct

industrialized

continental

Correct answer

continental

Which of the following best describes the population of Iceland?*

1/1

Ethnically diverse (different)

racially mixed

various religions

Ethnically Homogeneous (similar)

________________ is the only Northern European country without an official religion?*

0/1

Iceland

Finland

Denmark

Norway

Correct answer

Finland

Chapter 11 (northwestern Europe)

7 of 8 points

A strong northerly wind from the Alps that can bring cold air to southern France is called what?*

1/1

Acid Deposition

Industrial Revolution

Mistral

Avalanche

A dry wind that blows from the leeward sides of mountains, sometimes melting snow and causing avalanches is referred to as what?*

1/1

Mistral

Devolution

Foehn

Fragmentation

The granting of self-rule to local and regional authorities is called what?*

1/1

Industrial Revolution

Devolution

Foehn

Loess

The breakup of landscape, often resulting in the isolation of animal populations?*

1/1

Avalanche

Loess

Fragmentation

Foehn

Which countries in Northwestern Europe mainly rely on renewable sources such as hydroelectricity for their energy needs?*

1/1

France/Afgahnistan

the Netherlands, Belgium, China

Germany/Morocco

Switzerland/Austria

How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the USA and China?*

1/1

by instituting export quotas

by offering subsidies to poor countries

by increasing tariffs for non-trading partners

by eliminating tariffs and trade barriers

Despite restoration efforts, what continue to be the most significant environmental threats to rivers in Northwestern Europe?*

1/1

the use of fertilizers and industrial discharges

increasing commercial traffic and tourism

acid rain and global warming

increasing populations and factory emissions

Agribusiness developed as a result of...?*

0/1

a growing shortage of arable land

declining numbers of farmers

increased demand for specialty food products

a desire for more environmentally friendly agricultural practices

Correct answer

declining numbers of farmers

Chapter 12 (southern Europe)

7 of 8 points

A body of mountain ranges formed by tectonic forces that are grouped together, much like the Pyrenees is referred to as..?*

1/1

Renaissance

Erosion

Tungsten

Massif

The period of cultural rebirth beginning in Italy during the 1300s is referred to as what?*

1/1

Ebro

Industrial Revolution

Middle Ages

Renaissance

The landform of Southern Europe which includes Spain and Portugal is what?*

1/1

Italian Peninsula

Iberian Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula

Scandinavian Peninsula

This is the largest mountain range in Europe, separating the marine west coast climate to the north and the warm Mediterranean climate to the south?*

1/1

Pyrennes

Alps

Urals

Balkan

Which describes the population pattern of Southern Europe today?*

1/1

unchanged

declining

growing sharply

growing modestly

Which characterizes winters in Southern Europe?*

0/1

bitter cold and snowy

tropical humid and rainy

cold and snowy

mild and rainy

Correct answer

mild and rainy

Greeks in ancient Athens introduced the concept of ___________, which has influenced society, politics, and culture around the world?*

1/1

democracy

rule of law

complementary

mythology

Which is an example of a government effort to protect the environment of Southern Europe?*

1/1

European Environmental Agency

Forest Stewardship Council

World Wildlife Fund

Nature Conservancy

Chapter 13 (eastern Europe)

7 of 8 points

What country attempted to reverse Balkanization by combining ethinc groups?*

1/1

Adriatic

Bialowieza

Bulgaria

Yugoslavia

This country has one of the highest rates of deaths from urban air population, and is in the Balkans?*

1/1

Greece

Carpathia

Bosnia

Bulgaria

This is a major trade and transportation route located between the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas?*

1/1

Carpathian Sea

Balkan Sea

Adriatic Sea

Bialowieza Sea

This is a heavily traveled transportation route that forms a border between Poland and Germany?*

1/1

Thames River

Adriatic River

Oder River

Volga River

Which 2 ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s?*

0/1

Serbs and French

Bosnian Muslims and Russians

Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims

Germans and Italians

Correct answer

Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims

Most of Eastern Europe has a  ___________ climate?*

1/1

steppe

continental

subtropical

mediterranean

Many people in Eastern Europe burn wood to heat their homes because....?*

1/1

wood is too expensive

it is cheaper than electricity

they consider it more natural than other fuel sources

wood is environmentally friendly

Which statement about countries during the communist era is true?*

1/1

while there was some pollution in the northern countries of eastern Europe, there was little pollution in the southern part of eastern Europe

almost no communist countries in Eastern Europe had anti-pollution laws

Eastern Europe heavily regulated pollution tactics

most countries in Eastern Europe had anti-pollution laws and heavily enforced them

Chapter 14 (the Russian core)

8 of 8 points

This is a country that is controlled by another country, notably eastern European countries controlled by the USSR after WWII?*

1/1

imperialism nations

Satellite nations

Glasnost nations

russification

This is a system of public (government) ownership of all property and a classless society with equal sharing of wealth?*

1/1

russification

free-market

communism

capitalism

This is a policy of reform and restructuring of the Soviet government and economy in the 1980s by Mikhail Gorbachev?*

1/1

Marxism

glasnost

communism

Perestroika

This is a system in which businesses are owned privately, not by the state, and trade is competitive instead of completely regulated?*

1/1

glasnost

market economy

communism

black market

The Ural Mountains mark the traditional boundary between.....?*

1/1

Russia and Germany

Russia and Mongolia

Mongolia and Korea

European Russia and Siberian Russia

The rich, black soil that supports agriculture in the southern part of the Northern European Plain is called..?*

1/1

perestroika

glasnost

romanov

chernozem

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government encouraged _________________, which favored the wealthy?*

1/1

communism

collectivization

socialism

privitization

During ______________, hardships led to worker strikes and protests for "bread and freedom" which eventually triggered the Russian Revolution?*

1/1

the reign of Peter the Great

World War II

World War I

the reign of Catherine the Great

the natural gas-exporting country that gained independence from France after a civil war in the mid-1900s was?*

1/1

Ahaggar

Algeria

Egypt

Nile

the location of a pumping and pipeline system that supplies fresh water across a large area is located where?*

1/1

Libya

Turkey

Egypt

Israel

the fertile area known as the birthplace of some of the earliest civilizations is referred to as what?*

1/1

Tibesti Mountains

Alluvial

Wadi

Nile Delta

Which statement about desertification is true?*

1/1

A. Desertification maintains the balance of nature as moist and dry areas shift.

B. Desertification is an increasing problem caused by wind, farming, overgrazing, and loss of vegetation

C. Desertification affects a few subregions of North Africa, but is not yet a significant problem throughout the region

D. Desertification has declined following the construction of the Aswān High Dam.

An environmental challenge facing the Great Man-Man River is that pumping water near the coast...?*

1/1

A. may pollute coastal waters.

B. may contaminate aquifers with salt water from the sea.

C. may contaminate aquifers with sewage and waste from coastal waters.

D. may contaminate aquifers with oil by products from oil reserves.

Why do some countries in North Africa import most of their food needs?*

1/1

A. Imported food is less expensive than food grown within the country.

B. Water scarcity makes it impossible to grow enough food for the population.

C. Agriculture is less profitable than other economic activities.

D. Few people within the country are willing to work in agriculture

The manufacturing output of North African countries...?*

1/1

A. increased rapidly after the decline of European control.

B. declined following the withdrawal of European colonial powers.

C. declined significantly in the early 2000s.

D. has remained stable since the early 1900s.

Chapter 16

6 of 7 points

one of the most important rivers of the Eastern Mediterranean, flowing through all the states of the sub-region is....?*

1/1

Kibbutz

Thames

Jordan

Volga

the process of removing salt from seawater so that it is drinkable is called what?*

1/1

Desalination

Kibbutz

Moshav

Overgrazing

a harmful effect of erosion and deforestation where soil conditions supporting vegetation is lost is called what?*

1/1

Moshav

Kibbutz

Desalination

Desertification

Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in?*

1/1

A. the teachings of Jesus.

B. the text of the New Testament.

C. the concept of monotheism.

D. the text of the Old Testament.

Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to?*

0/1

A. ethnic tensions among Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

B. scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

C. environmental problems such as overgrazing, overfishing, and water and air pollution.

D. overreliance on the economically unstable services industry, especially tourism.

Correct answer

B. scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state?*

1/1

A. Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.

Arab Palestinians accepted the plan, while Jews rejected it because they wanted control of all the land.

Jews fled the region to escape violent conflict over the land, creating pockets of Jewish refugees in the neighboring states of Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

D. Both Jews and Palestinian Arabs accepted the plan, though disputes over the land would continue for decades.

Which river provides water to all of Syria?*

1/1

A. the Syrian River

B. the Tigris River

C. the Euphrates River

D. the Negev River

Chapter 17

6 of 7 points

a very narrow part of the Turkish Straits that opens on its eastern end to the Sea of Marmara is what?*

1/1

Marsh

Tehran

the Dardanelles

Pastroralism

a system of wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tablets is called?*

1/1

Anatolian Plateau

pastroralism

Marsh

Cuneiform

This city from this region has air pollution has caused thousands of deaths?*

1/1

Coppenhagen

Tehran

Iceland

Paris

Which of the following very active fault lines is about 750 miles (1200 km) in length and extends across much of Turkey?*

0/1

A. San Andreas

B. East Aritrean

C. Eurasian

D. North Anatolian

Correct answer

D. North Anatolian

Today the majority of people living in the Northeast region are?*

1/1

A. Muslim.

B. Orthodox Christian.

C. Jewish.

D. Ottoman.

Iran and Iraq joined with several oil-producing neighbors to form OPEC, which agreed to regulate oil production in order to?*

1/1

A. prevent harm to wetlands.

B. keep oil prices high.

C. impose safety restrictions.

D. lower oil prices.

Which of the following is the world’s largest inland body of water and is a key fishery that is threatened by pollution?*

1/1

A. the Caspian Sea

B. the Black Sea

C. the Tigris River

D. the Euphrates River

Chapter 18

6 of 7 points

the law of Islam which governs every aspect of a Muslim’s life is called what?*

1/1

Kafala

Hajj

Makkah

Shari'ah

a branch of Islam that regards Muhammad’s son and the imams as rightful successors is...?*

1/1

Sunni

Simoom

Shia

Khat

a branch of Islam that regards the first four successors of Muhammad as his rightful successors?*

1/1

Simoom

Khat

Shia

Sunni

the holiest city of Islam to which many Muslims make a pilgrimage is?*

1/1

Makkah

Kafala

Sunni

Najd

How have countries in the Arabian Peninsula managed freshwater, their most precious resource?*

1/1

A. Most have drawn too heavily from aquifers and wasted it with poor irrigation methods.

B. Most have maintained strict limitations on the use of freshwater so little is wasted.

C. Most have refused to switch to desalination as a source because it is too expensive.

D. Most use much less water per person than western countries with greater freshwater resources.

To reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, countries in the region are?*

0/1

A. importing fertile topsoil and applying fertilizers judiciously.

B. converting deserts to farmland with new irrigation techniques.

C. building hydroponic gardens that float on the waterways surrounding the peninsula.

D. buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home.

Correct answer

D. buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home.

The Arabian Shield has?*

1/1

A. volcanic mountains and an escarpment along the west coast.

B. a vast bowl shape with steep escarpments on the east and west sides.

C. a high plateau that provides water for the region’s rivers.

D. rolling hills that catch the moisture blowing off the Arabian sea and support the region’s best farmland

Chapter 19

4 of 7 points

 a dune-covered desert in Central Asia is called what?*

0/1

ste[[e

kum

enclave

Caucuses

Correct answer

kum

The world's largest inland body of water is...?*

1/1

Caspian

Aral Sea

Steppe

Red Sea

In Central Asia, some farming takes place on ____________________, or areas where underground water naturally comes to the surface?*

0/1

islands

oases

wadis

kums

Correct answer

kums

What ethnic group is the dominant political group in Afghanistan?*

1/1

A. Pashtun

B. Kirghiz

C. Turkmen

D. Uzbek

After September 11, 2001, the United States overthrew the government of...?*

1/1

A. Afghanistan

B. Turkmenistan

C. Armenia

D. Uzbekistan

In what two Central Asian countries is the majority of the population Christian?*

0/1

A. Afghanistan and Uzbekistan

B. Armenia and Georgia

C. Tajikistan and Turkmenistan

D. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

Correct answer

B. Armenia and Georgia

Despite small amounts of ____________________ land, nearly half the workforce in Central Asia lives by farming.*

1/1

A. arable

B. arid

C. landlocked

D. irrigated