MS

HR Test 6

  1. Unions: Organizations formed to represent employees in resolving conflicts with employers, particularly regarding pay, benefits, and working conditions.

  2. Labor Relations: The field emphasizing effective interaction and negotiation between employers, employees, and unions to address workplace conflicts and agreements.

  3. Craft Union: A type of labor union organized around specific skills or trades, such as carpenters or electricians.

  4. Industrial Union: A union that represents all workers, regardless of their specific role or skill, within a particular industry, such as manufacturing or transportation.

  5. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO): A large federation of U.S. unions that works to support and advocate for organized labor.

  6. Union Steward: A union representative who assists employees in resolving disputes and ensures that the labor agreement is upheld.

  7. Checkoff Provision: An arrangement where employers automatically deduct union dues from employees' paychecks and transfer them to the union.

  8. Closed Shop: A workplace where only union members are hired, now illegal under U.S. law.

  9. Union Shop: A workplace where employees must join the union within a specified time after being hired.

  10. Agency Shop: A workplace where employees are not required to join the union but must pay union dues or fees.

  11. Maintenance of Membership: A policy requiring union members to remain members for the duration of a labor agreement.

  12. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA): A foundational U.S. law that protects employees' rights to organize, join unions, and engage in collective bargaining, while prohibiting certain unfair labor practices by employers.

  13. Right-to-Work Laws: State laws that prohibit agreements requiring union membership as a condition of employment.

  14. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB): The federal agency that enforces the NLRA, overseeing union elections and investigating unfair labor practices.

  15. Associate Union Membership: A form of union membership that offers services and benefits without full collective bargaining representation.

  16. Corporate Campaigns: Strategies unions use to pressure employers into concessions, often by targeting the company’s public image or stakeholders.

  17. Collective Bargaining: The process of negotiation between union representatives and employers to establish agreements on wages, working conditions, and other employment terms.

  18. Strike: A work stoppage initiated by employees to pressure the employer during disputes or negotiations.

  19. Lockout: An employer-initiated work stoppage to exert pressure on employees during disputes.

  20. Mediation: The involvement of a neutral third party to help resolve disputes between unions and employers.

  21. Fact Finder: A neutral party who investigates a labor dispute and presents findings or recommendations.

  22. Arbitration: A method of resolving disputes where a neutral third party makes a binding decision.

  23. Grievance Procedure: A systematic process for resolving conflicts over the interpretation or application of a labor agreement.