2 Concise Summary of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

• Focus on health promotion for children and adolescents in educational settings.

Key Topics Covered

• Characteristics and morbidity rates by age groups.
• Hygienic standards for nurseries, kindergartens, and schools.
• Responsibilities of healthcare personnel in educational settings.
• Roles of general practitioners in pediatric healthcare.
• Objectives of the Regional health inspectorate.
• Schedule for well child visits from birth to 18 years.

Age Groups in Child Development

• Neonatal Period: 0 - 1 month
  • Early neonatal period: 1st week
  • Late neonatal period: 1st week - 28th day
• Infancy: 28th day - 1st year
• Toddlers: 1 - 3 years
• Preschool: 3 - 6 years
• School Age:
  • Primary: 6 - 10 years
  • Secondary: 10 - 14 years
  • High school: 14 - 18 years

Common Diseases by Age

• Preschool Period:
  • Acute infectious diseases
  • Allergies
  • Mental health issues
  • Accidents
  • Intoxications
  • Disabilities
• Chronic Diseases in Pupils:
  • Neurotic disorders
  • Spinal deformities
  • Arterial hypertension
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes

Health Risks for Adolescents

• Injuries (road traffic, drowning)
• Interpersonal violence
• Mental health disorders starting early
• Substance use
• 42 births per 1000 to girls aged 15–19 in 2021.

Hygienic Requirements

Nurseries and Kindergartens

• Nursery: 3 months - 3 years, groups of 8-16 children.
• Kindergarten: 3 - 6.5 years, groups of 20-25 children.
• Building: 1-3 floors, separate entrance for each group.

Schools

• Outdoor playgrounds and facility requirements.
• Classroom dimensions, staircase capacity, lavatories.

Responsibilities of Healthcare Personnel

• Health prevention and promotion strategies.
• Anti-epidemic activities in schools.
• Provide first aid and maintain medical records.

General Practitioner's Roles

• Prophylaxis examinations.
• Treatment and monitoring of chronic conditions.
• Periodic examinations for athletes.

Well Child Visit Schedule

• 0-1 year: monthly check-ups.
• 1-2 years: quarterly check-ups.
• 2-7 years: biannual measurements.
• 7-18 years: annual exams including physical and dental health assessments.