SIGMUND FREUD was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of Psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as the psyche.

• THE ID

  The aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes instinctive and primitive behavior.

• THE EGO

  According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.

• THE SUPEREGO

  The superego provides guidelines for making judgements.

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

• THE ORAL STAGE

  Birth to 1 year old. Erogenous zone: Mouth

• THE ANAL STAGE

  1-3 years old. Erogenous zone: Bowel and bladder control

• THEE PHALLIC STAGE

  3-6 years old. Erogenous zone: Genitals

• THE LATENT PERIOD

  6 to puberty. Erogenous zone: Sexual Feeling are Inactive

• THE GENITAL STAGE

  Puberty to death. Erogenous zone: Maturing Sexual Interests

THE DEFENSE MECHANISM

1. RATIONALIZATION

   It involves justifying or explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a logical or rational way, often avoiding the true reasons behind it.

2. REPRESSION

   It is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or desires from conscious awareness.

3. DENIAL

   Involves refusing to accept reality or facts, blocking external events from awareness because they are too threatening.

4. PROJECTION

   Involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person.

5. SUBLIMATION

   Considered one of the more positive defense mechanisms. It involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable or constructive activities.

6. DISPLACEMENT

   Transferring one's emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another.

7. REACTION FORMATION

   Replacing one's initial impulse toward a situation or idea with the opposite impulse. This defense mechanism may be present in someone who teases or insults a romantic interest whom they like.

ERIK HOMBURGER ERIKSON

Was an American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He coined the phrase identity crisis.