Elbow, forearm, wrist, hand

Surface Anat (forearm)

• Anterior view

  • biceps brachii

  • brachialis

  • olecranon process

  • medial epicondyle

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

  • cubital fossa

  • Brachioradialis

  • Palmaris longus

  • Flexor carpi radialais

  • Flexor tendons

  • Radial styloid process

  • Pisiform

• Posterior view

  • olecranon process

  • Anconeus

  • Extensor capri ulnurais

  • lateral epicondyle

  • barachioralis

  • Extensor carpi radialis longus

  • Brevis

  • Extensor digitorum

  • ulnar styloid process

  • Radial styloid process

Surface anat (hand)

• anterior

  • Digital creases- creases in fingers

  • Distal and proximal plamar creases-creases in palm

  • Hypothenar emmince

  • thenar emmince

  • Distal wrist crease- crease that seprates hand from wrist

• Posterior

  • interphalngeal joints

  • metacarpal phlangeal joints

  • extensor pollius longus

  • anatomical snuffbox- depression under thumb and between wrist and hand

  • radiocarpal joint

  • raidal styloid process

  • tendons of the extensor digitorum

  • ulnar styloid process

Sketetal features (forearm)

• Anterior

  • Hummerus

  • lateral epicondyle

  • humeral condyles

  • humerodyal joint

  • radial head

  • radial tuberosity

  • radius

  • radiocarpal joint

  • medial epicondyle

  • humeroulnar joint

  • coronoid process

  • proximal radioulnar joint

  • ulnar tuberosity

  • ulna

  • distal radioulnar joint

  • 8 carpal joints

  • 5 metacarpal joints

  • 14 phalanges

• posterior view

  • olecranon fossa

  • olecreanon process

  • lateral epicondyle

  • medial epicondyle

  • ulnar grove

  • Radial head

  • radius

  • lister’s terburicle

  • styloid process of ulna

  • styloid process of radius

  • Carpals

  • Metacarpals

  • Phalangies

• Boney landmarks (palpate)

  • olecrean process

  • olecreanon fossa

  • lateral epicondyle

  • Medial epicondyle

  • Radial head

  • ulnar ridge

  • Ulnar styloid process

  • Radial styloid process

Sketltal structures (hand)

• 3 phalngies in each finger (distal, interphlageal, proximal)

• Carpometocarpal joints

• metacarpofrlagial

• thumb only had a single interphalangeal joint

• Saddle joint (trapizum and 1st metacarpal)

• Intercarpal joints

  • Capiate

  • Hematate

• Palpate (bones in hand)

  • Lister tuberical

  • Raidial styloid process

  • ulnar styloid

  • carpals gen

    • Scaphoid

    • Phisiphorm

    • Hook of hamate

  • Metacarpals

  • Phlangies

ligaments of elbow,

• anteior view

  • humerus

  • Humeroulnar joint capsule

  • Medial epicondyle

  • Radial collateral ligament

  • Angular ligament

  • ulnar collateral ligament

  • ulna

  • interosseus membraine

• posterior view

  • Olecranon fossa

  • Medial epicondyle

  • olecreanion process

  • angular ligament

  • ulnar ridge

  • ulna

  • lateral epicondyle

  • raidal colateral ligament

  • radial head

  • radius

  • intercossis membrain

Ligaments (hand)

• Anterior

  • Colateral ligaments

  • plamar ligaments

  • Joint capsules

Lymph nodes

• cephalic vein

• medial cubital vein

• median nerve

• radial nerve- thumb side

• braichal artery- take paulse on babies here

• ulnar nerve-pinkey side

• medial epicondyle of hummerus

• cubital lymph nodes

• balistic vein

• ulnar artery

• ulnar nerve

Lymph nodes (hand)

• medial cubitacal vein

• median nerve

• radial nerve

special strutures of elbow

• posteror view

  • ulnar nerve- goes thro ulnar grove

  • cubital notch

  • posteior ulnar recurrent artery

  • flexor carpi ulnaris

  • hummurs

  • raidal nerve

  • olecrainion process

  • Anconenus

  • recrutment intercossis artery

Special sturcutres (hand)

• carple tunnel

• flexor retinactebullum

• carpal bones form the floor of the carpal tunnle

• median nerve

• finger flexor tendons

Flexor tendons and synovial sheatha of the hand

• anteior

  • Flexor pollicus longus

  • flexor pollicius breivus

  • abdcutor pollicius brevius

  • flexor retinculum

  • flexor carpi radialis

  • flexor digitorum superflius

Bursae of the elbow

• Subcutaneous bursa of medial epicondyle

• When hit hard enough if not broken it will swell up like golf ball

Superfical Muscles of the forearm

• Anterior

  • Biceps brachii

  • Brachialis

  • Pronator teres

  • Brachioradialis

  • Extensor carpi radialis longus

  • flexor carpi radialis longus

  • Extensor carpi radialis bervius

• posteior

  • Triceps brachii

Superfiacal muscle of hand

• anterior

  • flexor digitorum

• postior

  • Extesor digitorum

Deep muscles of the forearm and hand

• anterior view

  • supinator

  • proinatir quatrius

• Posteior view

  • I

  • Abdcutor pollicus longus

  • extensor pollicus brevius

  • extensor indicius

Prime movers

• * shows prime movers on book

• Thumb had 6 ranges of motions

• oppens digiti minimi

• Flexor digiti minimi brevius

• abductor digiti minimi

Prime movers senergists (OIA) (hand wrist arm)

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

  • O

  • I

  • I

  • F

• Brachio-radialis

  • O

  • I

  • I

  • F

• FLexor didgitorim superficlais

  • O

  • I

  • I

  • F

• Flexor digitorum

  • O

  • I

  • I

  • F

• Extensor digitorum

• Extensor

Movements avilable

• elbow and forearm

  • Elbow flexion (140)

  • Elbow extsetion (0)

  • forarm supination (85-90)

  • forarm pronation (85-90)

• Wrist

  • Writst flexion (80-90)

  • Wrist extesnion (70-90)

  • radial deviation (15)

  • ulnar devation (30-45)

• Fingers (2-5)

  • Finger flexion (100-115)

  • Finger extension

  • Finger adduction (0)

  • Finger abduction (20-30)

• Thumb

  • Flexion

  • extesnion

  • adduction (touching rest of hand)

  • abduction (technically foward)

  • opposition (touching another finger)

  • reposition (open palm)

Passive ROM

• Helps establish health and function of inert structures (joint capsules and ligaments)

• laying down

Active range of motion

• Helps establish health and function of dynamic stabilizers and prime movers

• Helps identify balance and potential imbalance between muscles that bend and turn arm and grasp and release objects

• sitting