Untitled Flashcards Set

ENGLISH   

Grammar (Noelle) Complete

• Adjective *(word phrase naming attribute)

• Adverb  *(modifies an adjective or verb, Ex. Arrived early)

• Appositive *(Noun phrase followed by another noun phrase to provide extra information)

• Punctuation  *(used to add emotion at the conclusion of a sentence)

• Infinitive  *( the word to followed by a verb, Ex I want to eat very quickly)

• Complementary Infinitive  *(Infinitive used with a verb (sometimes whose meaning is not felt to be complete), Ex. She began to study Russian)

• Noun *(person, place or thing)

• Pronoun *(refer to someone or something)

• Plural pronouns *(refers to more than one person, place or thing. Ex. them, they, their and us)

• Antecedent pronouns *(Noun or noun substitute that a pronoun refers to)

• Verb *(action)

• Simple subject *(key word that tells whom or what the sentence is about)

• Compound sentence *(a sentence with more than one subject or predicate)

• Complex sentence *(Composed of two simple sentences)

• Compound VS Complex  *(Compound-two or more independent clauses conjoined by conjunction, Complex - subordinate clause followed by one or more clauses)

• Simple sentence *(One independent clause)

• Correct usage “neither”  *(neither lies before the first of two options)

• Their Vs Her *(Their - non specific pronoun, Her - Pronoun specific to a person)

• Who/Whom *(If replaceable by he or she who, If replaceable by him or her whom.)

Language Arts (Seth)

• Atlas *(reference book; maps)

• Analogy *(comparison of 2 things)

• Short story *(read in one sitting)

• Argumentative writing *(Investigative paragraph on a topic)

• Persuasive writing *(An author tries to convince the other side)

• Theme *(

Literature (Seth)

Spelling (Grant)

• Abbreviations *( A shortened form of word or phrase)

• Comparatives 

• Homonyms *( Two or more words that are spelled the same but have the same meaning )

• Nationalities *( The status of belonging to a particular nation ) 

Vocabulary (Noelle) Complete

• GB *(Gigabyte)

• MB *(Megabyte)

• KB  *(Kilobyte)

• TB *(Terabyte)

• Eggcorn *(a word/phrase that results from a mishearing or misinterpretation of another)

• Return to country of birth *(repatriation)

• Not Moving/paper *(stationary)

• Bangle *(Pakistan)

• Boondocks *(American expression, from Filipino word)

• Castanets  *(Spain)

• Emoji *(Japan)

• Mammoth *(southern and eastern Africa)

• Slalom *(United Kingdoms)

• Yogurt  *(Mesopotamia)

• Zombie *(Brazil)

SOCIAL STUDIES

Current Events (Rylie) COMPLETE

Important Events:

• Russia invades Ukraine; Feb. 24, 2022 *(Ukraine invasion)

People:

• Current Dalai Lama *(Tenzin Gyatso)

• 46th/current U.S president *(Joseph Biden)

• Current Pakistan Prime Minister *(Shahbaz Sharif)

• Current Russian President *(Vladimir Putin) 

Places:

• Largest Underwater volcano *(Tamu Massif)

Economics (Rylie) COMPLETE

Concepts:

• Interest; money that gains more through interest; A = P(1 + r/n)^nt *(Compound Interest)

• Interest; borrowers pay lenders for loan; SI = P × R × T *(Simple interest)

• Economy all over the world *(Global economy)

• Gives workers freedom to join labor *(Right-to work-laws)

• Economic/Political system; collective ownership *(Socialism)

Real Estate:

• Loan for purchasing home/land *(Mortgage Loan)

• Legal Right to property/assets. *(Lien)

• Selling stock you don’t own *(Short Sale)

• Local law; governs property *(Zoning)

Terms:

• Rate of increase of prices over time *(Inflation)

• Health insurance; health services *(Medicare)

• “Financially Stable” *(Above Water)

• Economic increase *(Boom)

• Economic decrease after boom *(Bust)

U.S. Geography (Nikki) Complete

Locations & names 

• Colorado plateau. *(centered at the 4 corners, located in a immense basin and surrounded by highlands)

• Golden Spike. *(is a golden spike connecting Central Pacific Railroad to the Union Pacific Railroad, was driven in by Leland Stanford.)

National Parks

• Yellowstone. *(located in Wyoming, Idaho, and Montano is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world.) 

Rivers, Seas, and Oceans  

• Chesapeake Bay. *(Rivers that contribute to it are the Susquehanna River , the Potomac River, and the James River.)

State Borders 

• States that border Louisiana. *(Arkansas, Texas, and Mississippi Gulf of Mexico,) 

• States that border Maryland. *(Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia.) 

U.S. History (Nikki) Complete

American Revolution

• First winter; encampment  *(Valley Forge)

Colonization

• 1607; 104 men arrived in North America to start settlement. *(Jamestown) 

• Maryland. *(George Calvert, 1st Baltimore Baron gave the idea for Maryland Province, but his son Ceilius Calvert, 2nd, Baron founded Maryland on June 20, 1632.)

• Plymouth Colony. *(the first permanent English colony in New England from 1620)  

• Rhode Island founder/ year. *(Roger Williams; 1636) 

Constitution  

• First 7 presidents. *(George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew, Jackson, Martin Van Buren.) 

Civil War 

• American Colonization society. *(American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn people of color.) 

• NAACP. *(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.)  

Westward Expansion  

• Indian Removal law. *(Gave president's power to negotiate removal treaties with Indians living east of the Mississippi.)  

World War I and II 

• Francis Perkins. *(FDR’s Secretary of Labor and first woman to serve as a cabinet secretary.) 

National Holidays

• Flag day. *(June 14) 

• Labor day. *(First Monday of each September.)

• Martin Luther King Jr. *(Third Monday of every January.) 

• Veterans day. *(November 11)

People 

• Benjamin Franklin. *(One signer of the Declaration of Independence and invented the lightning rod.) 

• Nat Turner. *(A black person who led a revolt who killed at least 55 people and was captured for nearly 2 months.)

• Major Martin Delany. *(known for being the first black field officer in the United States Army.)

U.S. Law (Grant) complete

Executive Branch  

• Executive Term Length. *(4 years)

Legislative Branch 

• Speaker of the house. *(Mike Johnson)

• Legislative Term Length. *(2 years)

Judicial Branch

• U.S. court of Appeals *(reviews descions and procedures of a trial, make sure it was fair)

U.S. Constituion 

• 19th Ammenment *(womens suffrage, allows them to vote)

• Electoral College *(Selecting electors, and counting electoral votes by congress)

• National Elections Date *(Tuesday after the first monday in november)

Terms

• Brady Bill *(Liscnesed importer, wait 5 days before selling handgun)

• Gubernatorial *(relating to state governor, or office of state governor)

• Habeas Corpus *(you should have the body)

• Pro Bono *(for the public good)

World Geography (Bryce) Complete

Countries, cities, Capitals

• Bolivia *(country south america, andes mountains)

• Ecuador *(country south america galapagos islands)

• Argentina *(country South america, soccer, Mate culture, Tango)

• Mongolia *(country east asia, gobi desert, altai mountains, grasslands of the steppe)

• Romania *(country europe, carpathian mountains, dracula, the black sea, Danube Delta)

Places

• Berlin wall *(German democratic republic, 9 November 1989 wall came down) 

• Lungs of earth *(The Amazon, south america, produces 20% of earth's oxygen, slows climate change)

• Patagonia *(South america, perito moreno glacier)

• Yucantan peninsula *(north america, tropical rainforest, ancient home maya people)

Rivers, bays, seas, and oceans

• Mouth of nile river *(Mediterranean sea, name of mouth-nile delta) 

• Amazon *(south america river)

• Ganges *(river in india)

• Mekong *(river in asia)

• Thames *(river in england)

• Volga *(river in russia)

• Yangtze *(river in china)

Terms

• GPS *(Global positioning system, space-based radio-navigation system)

World History (Camden)

Events:

• 1st alphabet with vowels *(the greek alphabet)

• The industrial revolution *(large amounts of technology being made, some including trains and typewriters.)

• The roman empire *(A nation that conquered the Mediterranean and up to the UK, collapsed due to barbarians taking over Rome, and a lack of democracy; later became the Byzantine empire.)

• The middle ages *(A time period where things were the same for a while, little to no development, had many diseases, the time period when half of Europe was wiped out by the black plague.)

• Age of exploration *(the time period when people went out to explore the new world (americas) improved world maps.)

Explorers, People, and leaders:

• Italian-born, Spanish Explorer; Explorer of New World. *(Amerigo Vespucci)

• Claud Monet *(french painter; painted the water lily pond)

• Cabot *(navigator and explorer who by his voyages in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for the later British claim to Canada.)

• DeSoto *(Spanish explorer who led an expedition into the southern United States.)

• Hudson *(english explored during the 17th century who disappeared in 1611)

• Verrazano *(italian navigator and explorer that explored for the french)

• John locke *(one of the greatest philosophers in europe at the end of the 17th century)

• Thomas hobbes *(english philosopher, wrote Leviathan)

• Karl Marz and Friedrich Engles *(writers of the communist manifesto)

• Montesquieu *(french political philosopher; wrote The Spirit Of Laws)

• John Rowls *(American political philosopher; shaped modern political theory)

• Socrates and Plato *(greek philosophers)

Terms:

• Serfs (poor people, usually enslaved)

• Greek philosopher; founding father of philosophy. (Socrates)

• Parchment; (a type of paper, usually used for letters and documents.)

MATH

Algebra (Camden)

• Order of operations *(PEMDAS, Parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction)

• Equation for miles *(divide the number of feet by 5,280)

• Evaluate; 100 X 20 +-6 *(194)

• Factor of 128 *(16)

• Simplify; 32.5+16.23/11.5, round to the nearest whole number *(34)

• Natural log of E *(1)

• If 12x +17=41, what is the value of X *(X=2)

• If 8x²+11=587, what is the value of X *(X=3)

Geometry (Max)

Logic (Skyli)

• James’s order in his family; 5 in the family older than sally, younger than bill, bill is younger than Joe, joe is the second oldest. *(second youngest or 4th)

• Identify what day of the week would September 11th land on in 2010 if the year before it was on a Friday? *(Saturday)

•  Identify the number of ways you can line up 8 players. *(40320)

•  

•  

•  

•  

Numeric Expressions & Arithmetic (Tyson)

• Solve the following, 50 / 2.5. (20)

• Find the next 2 numbers in the number sequence, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 22, 36, , . (58, 94)

Solve 

• Find the square root of the following numbers, 144, 100, 4, and 9. (12, 10, 2, 3)

• Find the cube root of 64. (4)

• Turn 9/12 into a decimal. (0.75)

• Identify the intersection of sets if A has the numbers, 4, 7, 9, 2, 3, and 1. B has the numbers 1, 5, 2, 7, 3, 9. (2, 3, 7, 9)

• Find the reciprocal of 9. (1/9)

Terms

• Identify the term for a number that is positive. (Positive integer)

Probability, Permutations & Combinations (Tyson)

Word Problems (Skyli)

• Identify how long it will take for John and Sally to paint a room if John can paint a room in 6 hours and Sally can paint the same room in 3? *(2 hours)

•  

•  

•  

SCIENCE

Earth Science (Bryce)

Earth

Periods

• time period between 145.5 and 65.5 million years ago (Cretaceous)

• first geological period of the Paleozoic Era; lasted 53.4 million years (Cambrian)

Geology

Layers of earth:

• outer, rigid layer; contains crust and upper mantle (Lithosphere)

• Upper mantle; below lithosphere; convection occurs (Asthenosphere)

• Semi Solid layer; 84% Earth’s total volume; 1000-3700 degrees celsius (Mantle)

• Consists primarily of iron and nickel; 7200–9000℉ (Outer core)

• Innermost layer; consists primarily of iron and nickel; 7200–9000℉ (Inner core)

Earth’s Biomes:

• Five major biomes (aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, tundra)

• Earth’s water; Consists of lakes, ponds, and wetlands, standing water, as well as rivers and streams, flowing water (Aquatic biome)

• Consists of generally open and continuous, fairly flat areas of grass (Grassland biome)

• Made up of trees and other woody plants  (Forest biome)

• the driest of all the biomes; consists of a layer of soil that can either be sandy, gravelly, or stony. (Desert biome)

• treeless ecosystems where winters are long and cold, and summers are short and, usually, chilly (Tundra biome)

Rock types and layers

• Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal)

• Sedimentary rock; formed with dead plant material over time (Coal)

• naturally occurring sodium chloride; known as rock salt (Halite)

• heavy, shiny grey metallic ore; consists of lead (Lead ore)

• Fools gold; resembles gold to the untrained eye (Pyrite)

• Limestone *(sedimentary rock, calcium carbonate)

• Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten lava (Igneous)

• Rock that started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original form (Metamorphic)

Weather, Climate, Atmosphere

• Cirrus clouds *(Short, detcatched hair-like, high altitudes)

• Cold front *(cold air mass pushes under warm air mass)

• North wind *(originates in north, blows southward)

• Permafrost *(ground completely frozen ≥ 2yrs)

• Solstices *(sun reaches min or max declination)

Terms

• Red tide *(discoloration of seawater due to red dinoflagellates)

General Science & Measurement (Max)

Life Science (AJ) [Complete]

• Fibrous roots *(root system; thin branching)

• Tap root *(Large root; others branch from it)

• Seed parts *(Embryo, seed coat, endosperm)

• Tissue surrounds seeds *(seed coat)

• Seed part; becomes plant *(embryo)

• Seed part; stores embryo *(endosperm)

• Water zone; photosynthesis *(photic zone)

• Water zone; decomposers *(aphotic zone)

• Define photic *(related to light)

• Define aphotic *(without light)

• Lower abdomen; stores waste *(bladder)

• Disease; too much sugar *(diabetes)

• Below liver, stores bile *(Gallbladder)

• Mouth; taste buds *(tongue)

• Dormant pupa *(chrysalis)

• mammal, baby attached to mom *(Placental mammals)

• Seabed filter feeder *(sponge)

• Baby frog *(tadpole)

• Only meat *(Carnivore)

• Only plants *(herbivore)

• Plants and meat *(omnivore)

• Masking adaptation *(concealing coloration)

Physical Science and Astronomy (AJ) [Complete]

• Outer layer of star *(corona)

• Streak of light; crashing rock *(meteor)

• Moon between Earth and Sun *(New moon)

• Most abundant gas: Venus *(CO₂)

• Most abundant gas: Earth *(N₂ or Nitrogen)

• Most abundant gasses: Jupiter *(Hydrogen and Helium)

• Most abundant gas: Saturn *(hydrogen)

• Most abundant gas: Mars *(Carbon Dioxide)

• Light bands, solar activity *(aurora borealis)

• Subatomic particles: Silicon *(14 protons, 14 neutrons, 14 electrons)

• Subatomic particles: Zinc *(30 protons, 35 neutrons, 30 electrons)

• Subatomic particles: Oxygen *(8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons)

• Combined metals *(alloy)

• H₂O₂ *(hydrogen peroxide, antiseptic)

• H₂O *(water)

• Chemical symbol: Platinum *(Pt)

• Chemical symbol: Hydrogen *(H)

• Chemical symbol: Gold  *(Au)

• Anion definition *(negatively charged ion)

• Object stays unless force *(Newton’s first law)

• F = M x A *(Newton’s second law)

• Every action has equal and opposite reaction *(Newton’s third law)

• Sound bounces back; energy stays *(sound reflection)

• Movement of electric particles *(electrical energy)

• Movement energy *(kinetic energy)

• Possible movement energy *(potential energy)

• Light distance; one year *(light-year)

• Color frequency; highest to lowest *(Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red)

• Wavelength ~570-590 *(yellow light)

• Wave spread around objects *(diffraction)

• Two sound waves, make new *(interference)

• Energy of noise *(sound energy)

• Sound changes medium; bends *(refraction)

• 4th state of matter *(Plasma)

• Uniform particle distribution *(homogeneous)

• Non uniform particle distribution *(heterogeneous)

• Quality; stays moving or still until acted on *(inertia)

• Amount of matter *(mass)

• Gravity force on object *(weight)

• Speed and direction of motion *(velocity)