1. Differentiate Between Types of Papillae of the Tongue, Layers of the Eye, and Layers of the Retina

Papillae of the Tongue:

- ______________________________________________ Papillae: Mushroom-shaped, scattered across the tongue, and contain taste buds.

- ______________________________________________ Papillae: Thin, conical, and located all over the tongue, they provide texture but do not contain taste buds.

- ______________________________________________Papillae: Large, dome-shaped, arranged in a V-shape at the back of the tongue, and contain taste buds.

Layers of the Eye:

- ______________________________________________Layer: Outer layer consisting of the sclera (white of the eye) and cornea (transparent, focuses light).

- ______________________________________________Layer (Uvea): Middle layer consisting of the choroid (pigmented, supplies blood), ciliary body (controls lens shape), and iris (controls the diameter of the pupil).

- ______________________________________________Layer: Inner layer consisting of the retina, which contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) for vision.

Layers of the Retina:

- ______________________________________________ Layer: Neurons whose axons form the optic nerve.

- ______________________________________________ Layer: Cells that transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

- ______________________________________________Layer: Contains rods (low-light vision) and cones (color vision).

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2. Organ of Sensation and Specialized Cells of Sensation for Touch, Taste, Smell, Hearing, Sight, and Equilibrium

- Touch: Skin contains mechanoreceptors such as ______________________________________________ (deep pressure) and ______________________________________________ (light touch).

- Taste: Located on the tongue, the ______________________________________________ within the papillae contain gustatory cells that detect taste.

- Smell: _____________________________________________________________________ located in the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptors that send signals to the _____________________________________________________________________.

- Hearing: The ______________________________________________ in the inner ear contains the _____________________________________________________________________, which has hair cells that detect sound vibrations.

- Sight: The ______________________________________________in the eye contains rods and cones for detecting light and color.

- Equilibrium: The ______________________________________________ and ______________________________________________(saccule and utricle) in the inner ear detect balance and spatial orientation.

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3. Identify External and Internal Structures of the Eye and Ear on Models and/or Slides

Eye:

External Structures:

- ______________________________________________: Produces tears.

- ______________________________________________ (canaliculi): Drain tears from the eyes to the lacrimal sac.

- ______________________________________________: Collects tears from the canaliculi.

- ______________________________________________: Drains tears into the nasal cavity.

- ______________________________________________: Protect and lubricate the eyes.

- ______________________________________________: Small, pink structure at the inner corner of the eye.

Internal Structures:

- ______________________________________________: Transparent mucous membrane covering the sclera.

- _______________________: White outer layer.

- _______________________: Transparent front part, helps focus light.

- _______________________: Vascular, pigmented layer.

- ______________________________________________: Controls lens shape.

- _______________________: Colored part of the eye, controls pupil size.

- _______________________: Opening that allows light into the eye.

- _______________________: Focuses light onto the retina.

- _______________________Segment: Filled with aqueous humor, nourishes the cornea and lens.

- _______________________Segment: Filled with vitreous humor, helps maintain eye shape.

- _______________________: Contains rods and cones for vision.

- ______________________________________________: Carries visual information to the brain.

- ______________________________________________: Area of sharpest vision.

- Blind spot (______________________________________________): Where the optic nerve exits the eye, no photoreceptors.

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Ear:

External Ear:

- ______________________________________________: Collects sound.

- Ear canal _____________________________________________________________________): Transmits sound to the tympanic membrane.

Middle Ear:

- ______________________________________________ (Eardrum): Vibrates in response to sound.

- Ossicles (_____________________________________________________________________): Amplify sound vibrations and transmit them to the oval window.

Inner Ear:

- _______________________: Contains the Organ of Corti, which detects sound.

- Vestibule (_____________________________________________________________________): Detects gravity and linear acceleration.

- ______________________________________________: Detect rotational movement and balance.

- _____________________________________________________________________: Transmits hearing and balance information to the brain.

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4. General Functions of Structures of the Skin, Tongue, Nasal Cavity, Eye, and Ear

- _______________________: Protects internal organs, regulates temperature, and contains receptors for touch.

- _______________________: Facilitates taste and aids in digestion and speech.

- ______________________________________________: Warms, moistens air, and detects odors via the olfactory epithelium.

- _______________________: Detects light, processes visual information, and allows for sight.

- _______________________: Detects sound and maintains balance and equilibrium.

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Slides

Skin:

- _____________________________________________________________________: Layers that protect the body, regulate temperature, and contain sensory receptors.

- Pacinian Corpuscles: Detect _______________________pressure.

- Meissner’s Corpuscles: Detect _______________________touch.

Tongue:

- _____________________________________________________________________: Provides protection.

- _______________________: House taste buds.

- ______________________________________________: Contain taste receptors.

Retina (Eye slide):

- ______________________________________________Cells: Neurons that form the optic nerve.

- ______________________________________________Cells: Transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

- ______________________________________________: Detect light and color.

- _______________________: Pigmented, vascular layer.

- _______________________: Outer fibrous layer.

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Cochlea (Model):

- Scala ______________________________________________: Transmits sound vibrations to the cochlear duct.

- Scala ______________________________________________: Transmits vibrations from the cochlea to the round window.

- ______________________________________________ (Scala _______________________): Contains the Organ of Corti.

- ______________________________________________: Detects sound vibrations via hair cells.

- ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Membranes: Play a role in the transmission of sound within the cochlea.

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Tongue Model:

- Papillae: ____________________________________________________________________________________________

- Taste Buds: Located within _______________________, detect _______________________.

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Half-Head Model:

- Olfactory _______________________: Processes smell information.

- Olfactory ______________________________________________: Contains smell receptors.

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Ear Model:

- Pinna (_______________________): Collects sound.

- Ear Canal (_____________________________________________________________________): Transmits sound to the tympanic membrane.

- ______________________________________________: Vibrates in response to sound.

- _______________________(Malleus, Incus, Stapes): Amplify sound vibrations.

- ______________________________________________: Transmit sound vibrations into the inner ear.

- Auditory Tube (_______________________Tube): Equalizes pressure in the middle ear.

- _____________________________________________________________________: Transmits sound and balance information to the brain.

- _____________________________________________________________________: Detect rotational movement.

- ______________________________________________: Detects gravity and linear acceleration.

- ______________________________________________: Contains the organ of Corti for sound detection.

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