QE REVIEWER - GENPHY2

Electrostatic

-study of static electric charges

Electric Charge

-represented by coulomb and is affected by electromagnetism

Protons and Neutrons

-can be found in the nucleus

Electrons

-Found in the orbit

-Free-moving

Electron Theory

-all matter is comprised of molecules which in turn is comprised of atoms

matter=molecules=atoms

Insulators

-material that restricts the flow of current

Conductors

-material that allows the flow of current

Cation

-more protons than electrons

Anion

-more electrons than protons

Law of charges

-Like=repel; unlike=attract

Electrostatic Force

-measures the attraction and repulsion between two electric charges

Coulomb’s law

-created by Charles Coulomb

Newton’s Law

-computes for the gravitational forces

Electric Field

-area where the electrostatic force can be experienced

Test charge

-single charge measured based on outside stimuli

Source charge

-from where the electric field comes from

Electric field lines

POSITIVE=outward

NEGATIVE=inward

Electric flux

-flow of current

-used to measure electric lines flowing from one point to another

Electric Potential

-energy needed to attract or repel 

Work

-transfer of energy

-W=Fd

Energy

-capacity to do work

Kinetic Energy

-energy in motion

Potential energy

-stored energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

-body placed higher can do greater work

Equipotential lines

-perpendicular to the electric field lines

-inverse relationship with electric field (if hihina ito, lalakas electric field)

Equipotential Surface

-no work is needed to move a charge at a constant speed

Electric Current

-flow of electrons in one direction

Current

-measured in AMPERES

-increased repulsion causes higher current

-measured via AMMETER

Voltage or electric pressure

-pushes the electrons

-measured in VOLTS

-also called as potential difference

Resistance

-measured in ohms

-measures how much a material opposes the flow of current

-measured using OHMMETER

OHM’S LAW

-current through a conductor is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the potential difference or v.

Electrical Conductor

-allows free flow of current

Electrical Energy

-most common forms of energy

Load

-converts energy into another form

Battery

-electricity source

Switch

-controls current flow

Electric Circuit

-pathway for current

Closed circuit

-allows current to flow from source to load

Open circuit

-prevents current from flowing

-has a GAP

Resistor

-used to provide a specific amount of resistance

Series Circuit

-SINGLE LOOP

-all components are connected in a single pathway

Parallel Circuit

-uses BRANCHES to allow flow of current

Capacitor

-temporarily stores charges

Dielectric

-impedes passage of current

Capacitance

-amount of charge stored in a capacitor

Formula:

Coulomb's Law

1 meter=100cm

F= k q1 q2r²

Derived Formula:

d=k q1q2F

q2=(F)(d²)(k)(q1)

Formula:

Electric Flux

= EAcos

Formula:

Gauss’s Law

=Qₒ

Electric Potential

V= k Qr

Formula:

T in seconds

Q in coulombs

I in A or c/s

Current (I)=  (Charge (Q)Time (t))

Derived equations:

Time (T)=(Charge (Q)Current (I))

Charge (q)= It

Ohm’s Law

Formula:

Current (I)=  (Voltage (V)Resistance (R))

Derived Formula:

Voltage (V)=IR

Resistance (R)= (Voltage (V)Current(I))

Formula:

Capacitance (C)= (Charge (Q)Voltage (V))

Derived formulas:

Charge (Q)= CV

Voltage (V)= (Charge (Q)Capacitance (C))

Constant:

Coulomb’s constant= 8.99 × 10⁹ N.m²c²

1 coulomb = 6.242 × 10¹⁸ e

Gauss’s constant= 8.85 × 10^-12