Asian Empires Study Guide

Name: Kaylee Hui

Ottoman Empire

What kind of group did the Ottoman Empire start as?

A nomadic group of Turkish Muslims

Where did the start geographically? Asia Minor
What country makes up this area today? Turkey
What city is located at a “crossroads of trade”. Constantinople (Istanbul)
What three continents is this city located between?
1. Asia
2. Europe
3. Africa
What two seas is this city located between?
1. Black Sea
2. Mediterranean Sea
What is the most famous building in Constantinople? Hagia Sophia
What was the kind of Church was it originally built as? Eastern Orthodox Christianity
What year did Constantinople fall? 1453
Which Sultan conquered Constantinople? Sultan Mehmed II
What empire did he conquer it from? Byzantine Empire
What was Constantinople renamed by the Ottomans? Istanbul
What event marked the emergence of the Ottoman Empire as a regional political and economic power? Conquest of Constantinople
What three geographic were the main areas of conquest for the Ottomans?
1. South West Asia (Middle East)
2. North Africa
3. South Eastern Europe (Balkan Peninsula)
What peninsula contains the holy cities of Islam? Arabian Peninsula
What are the two holy cities of Islam? Mecca and Medina
What was the high point of the Ottoman Empire power? Siege of Vienna
The Ottoman empire was based on trade and agriculture, what were two of their most important products?
1. Coffee
2. Ceramics
Define bureaucratic: a government made of many people who handle the daily government operations
What was the title of the ruler of the Ottoman Empire? Sultan
What kid of force was Islam on the Ottoman Empire? A Unifying Force
What two religions were allowed to exist in the Empire without having to convert to Islam? Christianity and Judaism
What famous architect built many amazing mosques and religious complexes for the Ottomans? Mimar Sinan
What is the name of the intricate drawing writing the Ottomans were famous for? Calligraphy
What kind of printing did they excel at? Manuscript Printing
The Ottomans were famous for their woven fabric what is this also known as? textiles
What is the name of the pottery they created? Iznik Ceramics
Be able to identify Istanbul (Constantinople), Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea on the map.
Be able to identify the Arabian Peninsula.

Mughal Empire

What to geographic features isolate the Indian Subcontinent?
1. Himalayan Mountains
2. Indian Ocean
Who were the Mughal’s descended from? Mongols
What religion were the Mughal rulers? Islamic
What was the title of the ruler of the Mughals? Emperors
What area of India stayed largely independent and continued international trade? South India
What three things did southern India trade?
1. Silks
2. spices
3. gems

What was the main location of the Mughal Empire? Northern India
What religion did the Mughal rulers spread in India? Islam
What religion was the majority of its subjects in India? Hindu
What famous building was constructed by the Mughals? Taj Mahal

What Indian industry influenced the same industry in Britain? Textile
What two things were made common throughout the Mughal Empire?
1. Currency
2. Road System
What did the Mughal Empire’s economy depend on? Trade and Agriculture
What three countries competed for trade in the Indian Ocean? Portugal, England, and Netherlands
What caused the Mughal Empire to collapse? Widespread rebellion
What company stepped in and took control over time? East India Trading Company

China, Japan African Trade and Mercantilism

What two geographic features helped isolate (=separate) China from the rest of Asia?
1. Himalayan Mountains
2. Gobi Desert
Why was the South China Sea important? Maritime trade routes
What was the name of the Dynasty that controlled China? Qing Dynasty
What was the Chinese economy based on? Agriculture and resistance to trade with Europe
Who did China’s government seek to limit from influencing the Chinese people? European
What did China create in an effort to control trade with Europeans? Foreign enclaves
What two products were desired by Europeans?
1. Porcelain
2. Tea
What is Japan’s main geographic feature? It is an archipelago
What is Japan limited in? Natural resources
Define Shogun: The ruling military leader in Japan
Who reunited Japan in 1600? Tokugawa Ieyasu
Who was the powerless puppet in Japan? The Emperor
Who really controlled the government in Japan? The Shogun
How long did the Tokugawa Shogunate rule Japan? 250 years
How did Japan respond to foreign (European) Influences? Against them
What the main thing that Japan wanted after a century of civil war and turmoil? reestablishment of order
What policy did Japan adopt to limit foreign influences? Policy of Isolation similar to China
Define Exports: Goods Traded out of the country

Define Imports: goods traded into the country

What was the most famous “good” exported from Africa? Slaves and raw materials
What were two raw materials were exported from Africa?
1. Ivory
2. Gold
What type of good was generally imported into Africa? Manufactured Goods
What is an example of a good imported by the Africans? Guns
What two food products were imported in Africa? Corn and Peanuts
What was the name of the economic practice where European colonial powers attempted to become self-sufficient? Mercantilism
In mercantilism, colonies were supposed to benefit who? The motherland
What revolution (=big change) occurred at this time that involved a new economic system? Commercial Revolution
The new economic system consisted of….

New ____currency___ and banking___ systems
_____joint stock _____ companies and exchanges
Development of new economic practices such as ____mercantilism_____ and later capitalism.
Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of… The Mother county

All of the following was the impact of the Commercial Revolution:

Destruction of__cultures of _______ Native Americans
Columbian ________Exchange_______________ & _____Triangle__________ trade expanded
Foundation of wealth for the ___________Industrial Revolution ____________

61. What two groups migrated due to the Commercial Revolution?

a. Europeans

b. Africans

Maps: Be able to locate Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Qing Empire (China), and Japan (Tokugawa Shogunate).